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  • Home
  • Themes
    • Skills and labour market
      • Skills and changing societies
      • Skills and changing workplaces
      • Skills policies and practices
      • Skills intelligence
    • VET knowledge centre
      • VET for youth - Teachers and trainers
      • Apprenticeships
      • VET for adults
      • VET support policies - financing, guidance, validation
    • Delivering VET and qualifications
      • Qualifications and credentials
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  • Publications and reports
    • Publications
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    • Financing apprenticeships database
    • Key indicators on VET
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    • Mobility scoreboard database
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    • Opinion survey on VET
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  • Home
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  • Statistics

Statistics

  • Skills and labour market
    • Skills and changing societies
    • Skills and changing workplaces
    • Skills policies and practices
    • Skills intelligence
  • VET knowledge centre
    • VET for youth - Teachers and trainers
    • Apprenticeships
    • VET for adults
    • VET support policies - financing, guidance, validation
  • Delivering VET and qualifications
    • Qualifications and credentials
    • Future trends in the content and provision of VET
    • Learning outcomes
    • VET and qualifications across borders
  • Image
    logo-vet-key-data-r.png
    Key indicators on VET

    Key indicators on vocational education and training (VET) provide an updated, concise and internationally comparable statistical picture of VET in Europe, for individual countries and the EU overall. Key indicators provide a high-quality data framework covering strategic aspects of initial and continuing VET, adult learning, skill development and their context. Users can access and download data and use data visualisations to compare countries and trends over time and monitor developments.

    Data visualisations present the Key Indicators on VET through tables and charts, such as graphs, maps, bar charts and timelines. Data can be selected either by indicator or country. Data can also be exported to different formats.

    Key indicators on vocational education and training (VET) provide an updated, concise and internationally comparable statistical picture of VET in Europe, for individual countries and the EU overall.

    VET statistical overviews

    Access to

    Data visualisation

    Data methodology

    Key indicators on VET methodology

    EN

    Source projects

    VET statistics and indicators

    Related projects

    Opinion survey on vocational education and training in Europe

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Image
      February 2021
      The role of work-based learning in VET and tertiary education
    • Image
      February 2020
      On the way to 2020: data for vocational education and training policies
    • Image
      June 2019
      Continuing vocational training in EU enterprises
    • Image
      February 2017
      On the way to 2020: data for vocational education and training policies
    • Image
      December 2015
      Unequal access to job-related learning: evidence from the adult education survey
    • 13 NOV 2012
      to
      16 NOV 2012
      ENTEP & Benchmarks
    • Image
      06 FEB 2012
      Conference From School to Work
    • 10 MAR 2011
      to
      11 MAR 2011
      Conference on "Statistics for policymaking: Europe 2020"
    • 17 FEB 2010
      to
      19 FEB 2010
      Indicators, evaluations and the improvement of European education systems
    • 29 JUN 2009
      to
      30 JUN 2009
      Continuing Vocational Training Survey: relevance, lessons learnt and ways forward
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      01 JUN 2020
      Coronavirus boosts interest in online learning
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      23 APR 2018
      Updated VET statistics available on Cedefop website
    • Image
      30 MAR 2017
      VET data for European countries presented by indicators
    • Image
      14 OCT 2014
      Adult skills and VET: further findings from the OECD Survey of Adult Skills
    • Image
      25 SEP 2014
      New data comparing literacy rates in general and vocational education
  • Image
    logo-opinion-survey-on-vet-r.png
    Opinion survey on VET

    Cedefop's opinion survey on vocational education and training (VET) examines EU citizens' awareness and opinions on VET's attractiveness and effectiveness; it also looks at their personal experience as students at upper secondary level, the stage following compulsory education (typically from age 16 to 18).
    A second opinion survey investigating the opinions of adults on adult learning and CVET was carried out in 2019. 

    Cedefop's opinion survey on vocational education and training (VET) examines EU citizens' awareness and opinions on VET's attractiveness and effectiveness and considers their personal experiences when students at upper secondary level, (typically from age 16 to 18).

    • Highlights
    • Awareness and conceptualisation of VET
    • Attractiveness
    • Experience / Satisfaction
    • Outcomes / Effectiveness

    Access to

    Data visualisation

    Data methodology

    Methodology of the opinion survey on VET

    EN

    Source projects

    Opinion survey on vocational education and training in Europe

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Image
      November 2020
      Briefing note - Adult learning and continuing vocational education and training valued by Europeans
    • Image
      October 2020
      Perceptions on adult learning and continuing vocational education and training in Europe
    • Image
      December 2017
      Cedefop opinion survey on vocational education and training in Europe
    • Image
      October 2017
      Cedefop European public opinion survey on vocational education and training
    • Image
      23 FEB 2017
      to
      24 FEB 2017
      Understanding public opinion on vocational education and training (VET)
    • Image
      news on vet france
      26 JUL 2021
      France: 2021 opinion survey on continuing vocational education and training
    • Image
      Training for adults
      19 MAY 2021
      Spanish adults believe that investment in their learning should be a priority
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      10 NOV 2020
      Governments should prioritise investment in learning for adults, new Cedefop survey says
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      02 AUG 2019
      VET, an underused route to a good job in Greece
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      23 JAN 2019
      Cedefop VET opinion survey country reports available online
  • Image
    logo-skills-index-r.png
    European skills index

    The European Skills Index (ESI) is Cedefop’s composite indicator measuring the performance of EU skills systems. The ESI measures countries’ “distance to the ideal” performance. This ideal performance is chosen as the highest achieved by any country over a period of 7 years. The ideal performance is scaled to be 100 and the scores of all countries are then computed and compared to that. The ESI consists of three pillars; skills development, activation and matching, each of which measures a different aspect of a skills system. Basis of the ESI are 15 individual indicators from various international datasets.

    The European Skills Index is Cedefop’s composite indicator measuring the performance of EU skills systems.

     

    • Skills development
    • Skills activation
    • Skills matching
    • Country

    Access to

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    Data methodology

    ESI 2020 technical report

    EN

    Source projects

    European skills index

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Image
      December 2019
      European skills index
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      May 2019
      2018 European skills index
    • Image
      September 2018
      Briefing note - Cedefop’s European skills index: new tool for informed policy-making
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Getting the future right: Towards smarter and people-centred skills intelligence
    • Image
      27 SEP 2018
      Introducing the European skills index
    • Image
      Cedefop Executive Director briefing the EESC SOC - 22/6/2022
      22 JUN 2022
      Cedefop responding to megatrends – tackling disruption
    • Image
      Cedefop 2022 European skills index
      25 FEB 2022
      Cedefop 2022 European skills index out
    • Image
      09 JUN 2021
      Working from home during the pandemic: a solid skills system may do the trick
    • Image
      20 MAY 2021
      Skillsnet e-bulletin: January - April 2021
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Next-generation skills intelligence to drive recovery in Europe
    • Image
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
      29 MAR 2021
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
  • Image
    logo-skills-forecast-r.png
    Skills forecast

    Cedefop skills forecasts offers quantitative projections of the future trends in employment by sector of economic activity and occupational group. Future trends on the level of education of the population and the labour force are also estimated. Cedefop’s forecasts use harmonised international data and a common methodological approach with the aim to offer cross-country comparisons about employment trends in sectors, occupations and qualifications.

    Cedefop skills forecasts are internationally comparable projections of future employment trends in economic sector and occupational group, and of education levels of the population and labour force.

    • Labour force
    • Employment
    • Job openings
    • Country
    • Occupation
    • Sector

    Access to

    Data visualisation

    Data methodology

    Skills supply and demand in Europe

    EN

    Skills supply and demand in Europe

    EN

    Source projects

    Skills forecast

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Image
      April 2021
      Digital, greener and more resilient
    • Image
      July 2020
      Briefing note - Online working and learning in the coronavirus era
    • Image
      December 2019
      Skills forecast
    • Image
      December 2018
      Skills forecast: trends and challenges to 2030
    • Image
      June 2018
      Briefing note - Less brawn, more brain for tomorrow's workers
    • Image
      20 APR 2021
      Digital skills post-covid19 - Shifting gears in the digital transition
    • Image
      15 APR 2021
      Workshop Cedefop skills forecasts - Going beyond understanding long-term trends
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Getting the future right: Towards smarter and people-centred skills intelligence
    • Image
      event image
      04 FEB 2021
      Skills governance in Slovenia
    • Image
      19 OCT 2020
      Skills forecast: insights from the 2020 release
    • Image
      Cedefop Executive Director briefing the EESC SOC - 22/6/2022
      22 JUN 2022
      Cedefop responding to megatrends – tackling disruption
    • Image
      Supporting skills governance in Slovenia
      09 NOV 2021
      Supporting skills governance in Slovenia
    • Image
      20 MAY 2021
      Skillsnet e-bulletin: January - April 2021
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      05 MAY 2021
      More investment in EU health sector needed to serve growing elderly population, Cedefop finds
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Next-generation skills intelligence to drive recovery in Europe
    • Image
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
      29 MAR 2021
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
  • Image
    logo-ovate-r.png
    Skills-OVATE

    Skills-OVATE offers detailed information on the jobs and skills employers demand based on online job advertisements (OJAs) in 28 European countries. It is powered by Cedefop’s and Eurostat’s joint work in the context of the Web Intelligence Hub. Please visit the project page to find out the latest news and publications in the OJA work.

    Skills-OVATE offers details on the jobs and skills employers demand based on online job advertisements in 28 European countries.

    • Online job markets
    • Skill insights
    • Occupation insights
    • Sector insights
    • Region insights

    Access to

    Data visualisation

    Source projects

    Skills in online job advertisements

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Image
      April 2021
      Briefing note - Trends, transitions and transformation
    • Image
      March 2021
      Perspectives on policy and practice
    • Image
      April 2019
      Briefing note - The skills employers want!
    • Image
      April 2019
      The online job vacancy market in the EU
    • Image
      April 2019
      Online job vacancies and skills analysis
    • Image
      20 APR 2021
      Digital skills post-covid19 - Shifting gears in the digital transition
    • Image
      15 APR 2021
      Workshop Online job advertisements - Gaining real-time insights into skill trends
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Getting the future right: Towards smarter and people-centred skills intelligence
    • 20 MAR 2018
      to
      21 MAR 2018
      Real-time labour market information and skill requirements
    • Image
      18 SEP 2017
      to
      19 SEP 2017
      From prototype to production
    • Image
      Skills-OVATE 2021
      05 MAY 2022
      Post-pandemic recovery in sight for Europe’s labour market
    • Image
      (c) Shutterstock/Brandon Bourdages
      19 APR 2022
      Signs of improvement in European job market
    • Image
      06 JUL 2021
      Cedefop’s work on skills for the green transition presented at conference
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Next-generation skills intelligence to drive recovery in Europe
    • Image
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
      29 MAR 2021
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
    • Image
      23 FEB 2021
      Digital skills: challenges and opportunities during the pandemic
  • Image
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    Crowdlearn survey dataset

    Cedefop’s Crowdlearn dataset is based on a survey of a representative sample of workers offering labour services in the online platform economy (crowdworkers), carried out in five EU countries and the UK and collected from main online labour platforms. The focus of the survey is on the skill development, learning and skills matching practices of crowdworkers.

    Cedefop’s Crowdlearn dataset is based on a survey of a representative sample of workers offering labour services in the online platform economy (crowdworkers), carried out in five EU countries and the UK and collected from main online labour platforms. The focus of the survey is on the skill development, learning and skills matching practices of crowdworkers.

    Access to

    Raw data

    Access to Crowdlearn survey dataset

    EN

    Source projects

    Digitalisation, AI and the future of work

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • Articles
    • Image
      July 2021
      Skill development in the platform economy
    • Image
      September 2020
      Developing and matching skills in the online platform economy
    • Image
      10 DEC 2019
      Skill development of workers in the platform economy: anticipating the future of work and learning
    • 19 JUL 2019
      Crowdlearn: online platform work and skills
  • Image
    logo-other-data-sources-r.png
    European skills and jobs survey's microdata

    Cedefop’s ESJS collects representative information on skill needs/tasks in jobs and skill mismatches of EU adult workers. The 2nd ESJS wave focusses on digitalisation and the future of work, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

    Cedefop’s ESJS collects representative information on skill needs/tasks in jobs and skill mismatches of EU adult workers. The 2nd ESJS wave focusses on digitalisation and the future of work, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.

    Access to

    Raw data

    Access to Cedefop European skills and jobs survey

    EN

    Data methodology

    Skills, qualifications and jobs in the EU: the making of a perfect match?

    EN

    Source projects

    European skills and jobs survey (ESJS)

    Highlighted content

    • Publications
    • Events
    • News
    • Articles
    • Image
      May 2020
      EU jobs at highest risk of Covid-19 social distancing
    • Image
      June 2018
      From long-term unemployment to a matching job
    • Image
      January 2018
      Insights into skill shortages and skill mismatch
    • Image
      July 2017
      Briefing note - People, machines, robots and skills
    • Image
      November 2015
      Skills, qualifications and jobs in the EU: the making of a perfect match?
    • Image
      November 2015
      Tackling unemployment while addressing skill mismatch
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Getting the future right: Towards smarter and people-centred skills intelligence
    • 23 JAN 2020
      Meeting of the 2nd European skills and jobs survey (ESJS) expert group
    • 15 FEB 2019
      Launch of 2nd Cedefop European skills and jobs survey
    • 15 JUN 2017
      to
      16 JUN 2017
      Policy learning forum: Vocational training for the long-term unemployed
    • Image
      Dutch Presidency 2016 small logo
      23 JUN 2016
      Policies for matching better skills in better jobs
    • Image
      07 DEC 2015
      to
      08 DEC 2015
      Maximising skills for jobs and jobs for skills
    • Image
      20 MAY 2021
      Skillsnet e-bulletin: January - April 2021
    • Image
      13 APR 2021
      Next-generation skills intelligence to drive recovery in Europe
    • Image
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
      29 MAR 2021
      Skills intelligence to be focus of Cedefop conference
    • Image
      12 JAN 2021
      Skillsnet e-bulletin: September – December 2020
    • Image
      23 SEP 2020
      Skillsnet e-bulletin: April – August 2020
    • Image
      30 APR 2020
      Will coronavirus have lasting labour market effects? Cedefop seeks answers
    • Image
      Figure 1 Level of ICT skills needed to do the job, adult employees, 2014, EU-28
      02 Feb 2017
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 9 - The great divide
    • Image
      Figure 1 Past and anticipated employment growth rates in ICT and all industries, 2005-25, EU28
      23 Nov 2016
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 8 - Rise of the machines
    • Image
      Figure 1: Share of EU adult workers who thought their skills were lower than required by their job at the start of their current jobs, 2014, EU28
      26 Sep 2016
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 7 - EU workforce: overeducated yet underskilled?
    • Image
      Figure 1 Combined use of skills recognition, validation, career guidance and skills intelligence activities by EU Member State, 2014, EU28
      08 Jun 2016
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 6 - Tools for a new #EUSkillsAgenda: a tale of synergy or isolation?
    • Image
      Figure 1 Reasons for accepting current job, EU adult employees, 2014, EU28
      30 May 2016
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 5 - A 'New skills agenda for Europe': What are the key challenges?
    • Image
      Figure 1: Average skills development by years of employer tenure, 2014, EU28
      29 Mar 2016
      #ESJsurvey INSIGHTS No 4 - Skills development thrives in organisations offering varied learning opportunities and long-term perspectives
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