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Overview

Austria

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Funding by Economic Promotion of Austrian Bundesländer

Grant for companies

Group of instruments
Funding for further education and training of entrepreneurs, managers and specialised workers in Burgenland.

Grant for companies

Example for a group of instruments
Impulse Qualification Network

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Qualification funding for employees

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Qualification Initiative - Construction

Grant for companies

Example for a group of instruments

Grant for individuals

Double Thousand Euro Bill for Further Education

Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Education bonus of the Chamber of Labour of Lower Austria

Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Education voucher of the Chamber of Labour

Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Funding by the Chambers of Labour

Grant for individuals

Group of instruments
Funding of individual further education by Austrian Bundesländer

Grant for individuals

Group of instruments
Learning account of Upper Austria

Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments

Payback clause

Training costs refund

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax credit

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument
Training tax allowance

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax allowable professional expenses

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

Social and further training fund for temporary work in Austria

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave/training part-time

Training leave

Single instrument

Belgium

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Adaptation credit

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Adaptation credit - tutelage section

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Cheque/voucher for training job seekers

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Individual apprenticeship

Grant for companies

Single instrument
SME portfolio

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Strategic transformation support

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training fund for household/personal services

Grant for companies

Example for a group of instruments
Training voucher

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Training vouchers

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Training-job insertion plan

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training fund

Training fund for electricians

Training fund

Example for a group of instruments

Training leave

Paid education leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Paid training leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Time credit

Training leave

Single instrument

Bulgaria

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Financial resources for adult learning

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Training voucher

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Training within the programme 'Chance for a Job'

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentives related to the provision of scholarships

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training leave

Leave for studies

Training leave

Single instrument

Croatia

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Aid to preserve jobs/aid for education and training of workers

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training aid/knowledge is paying off for employed persons

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Education for unemployed: literacy programme

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback Clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

State aid for education, training and research and development projects

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training leave

Education leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Cyprus

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Training fund

Human Resource Development Fund - Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA)- Single-Company Training Programmes in Cyprus

Training fund

Single instrument
Human Resource Development Fund- Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA)

Training fund

Single instrument
Human Resource Development Fund- Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA)- Single-Company Training Programmes Abroad

Training fund

Single instrument

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Grant for induction training (active employment policy scheme)

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Grants under Operational Programme Employment (OPE); ESF programming period 2014 - 2020

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Re-qualification / re-training by choice (NEW)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Re-qualification / re-training by choice (NEW)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Deduction of expenses on adult professional education - tax allowance

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax allowance for students continuously preparing for future employment

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument
Tax credit for examinations for recognition of learning outcomes

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Leave for qualification upgrading

Training leave

Single instrument

Denmark

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Adult apprenticeship subsidy scheme

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training allowance (compensation for lost wages and travel grant)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

State educational support - grant and loan scheme

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
State educational support for adults

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Training allowance (compensation for lost wages and travel grant)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

State educational support - grant and loan scheme

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument

Training fund

Building and Construction Development Fund

Training fund

Example for a group of instruments
Employers' Reimbursement System

Training fund

Single instrument
Sectoral training funds (established under various names)

Training fund

Group of instruments
The Industry Competence Development Fund

Training fund

Example for a group of instruments

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Estonia

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Measure for supporting the development of knowledge and skills

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Loan

study loan

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Agreement on compensation for training expenses

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Training expenses related to business, tax allowance for entrepreneurs [deductions from business income]

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Training expenses reducing the taxable income

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Study leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Finland

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Apprenticeship training subsidy for unemployed

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Adult education allowance

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Education Fund

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Scholarship for qualified employees

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Study grant and loan guarantee

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Voucher system in liberal adult education

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Study grant and loan guarantee

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax allowance for companies - Deduction from company income tax for employee training expenses

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Study loan compensation / Study loan tax deduction

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument
Tax allowance for individuals - Deduction in personal income tax for expenses related to the maintenance of professional or vocational skills

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

France

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Action to expand employment and skills in the temporary work sector

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Individual Learning Account

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Student loan guaranteed by the State

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax credit for training expenses of entrepreneurs

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training fund

Apprenticeship tax

Training fund

Single instrument
Contribution to the continuing vocational training

Training fund

Group of instruments

Training leave

Individual training leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Skills assessment leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Validation of prior experience leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Germany

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Education Cheque Brandenburg

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Funding for companies by German Länder

Grant for companies

Group of instruments
Funding Program for Specialised Workers Courses - focus on electric mobility (ESF 2014-2020) Baden Württemberg

Grant for companies

Example for a group of instruments
Further training for low skilled and older employees in companies (WeGebAU)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: cheque for companies and entrepreneurs

Grant for companies

Example for a group of instruments
Nordrhein-Westfalen: education cheque

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments

Grant for individuals

BAFöG (Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz)

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Education bonus

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Education Cheque Brandenburg

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Further training for low skilled and older employees in companies (WeGebAU)

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Individual Funding by German Länder

Grant for individuals

Group of instruments
Master craftsmen-BAFöG

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Nordrhein-Westfalen: education cheque

Grant for companies, Grant for individuals

Example for a group of instruments
Scholarship for advancement

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

BAFöG (Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz)

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Master craftsmen-BAFöG

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Student´s loan. Reconstruction Loan Corporation

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback commitment

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

tax allowance - operating expenses

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax allowance - work-related (income-related) expenses/special expenses

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

Training fund in scaffolding sector

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Educational leave

Training leave

Group of instruments
Educational leave, Bremen

Training leave

Example for a group of instruments
Educational leave, Hessen

Training leave

Example for a group of instruments

Greece

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Loan

Interest-free student loans

Loan

Single instrument

Training fund

Account for employment and vocational training (LAEK)

Training fund

Single instrument

Hungary

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Training subsidies for job retention (preventive training)

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Accepted labour market training programme

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Student loan

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Training fund

Training sub-fund of the National Employment Fund - Vocational Training Contribution

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Learning contract

Training leave

Single instrument

Ireland

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Disability Awareness Training Support Scheme

Grant for companies

Single instrument
IDA Training Grants Programme

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Skillnets

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Skills for Work

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Student Grant Scheme

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
The Learner Fund

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax relief for tuition fees in respect of third level education

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

National Training Fund (NTF)

Training fund

Single instrument

Italy

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Grant for companies

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Voucher for individuals

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Loan for studies

Loan

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Regional tax on productive activities (IRAP)

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax allowance (deduction from the gross income to arrive at the taxable income) for costs related to participation in conference, seminars, updating courses for freelance workers.

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument
Tax credits – costs related to training are deducted from the tax due.

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

Joint Interprofessional funds for continuing education

Training fund

Group of instruments

Training leave

Paid Study Leaves

Training leave

Single instrument

Latvia

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Loan

Study loan

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentives for companies

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument
Tax incentives for companies

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Justified expenses for education and medical services

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Study leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Lithuania

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

The development of human resources in companies

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Loan

State supported loans for students of higher education

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax allowance

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Luxembourg

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Joint funding of training (of the company training plan)/ support and development of continuing training

Tax incentive for companies, Grant for companies

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Joint funding of training (of the company training plan)/ support and development of continuing training

Tax incentive for companies, Grant for companies

Single instrument

Training fund

Banking Training Institute (IFBL)

Training fund

Single instrument
Institute for training in construction sector

Training fund

Single instrument
Sectoral training fund for temporary work

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Paid individual training leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Paid training leave for Luxembourgish language learning

Training leave

Single instrument

Malta

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Training Aid Framework (TAF)

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Training Subsidy Scheme

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Youth Specialisation Studies Scheme

Loan

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Scholarships to employees

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Get Qualified

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Cofunding of the cost for recognition of prior learning

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training vouchers

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Study grant

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
Voucher experiment for part-time studies

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Study grant

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument
study loan

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Group of instruments

Tax incentive for individuals

Tax reduction for study costs or other education related expenditures

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

Training and development fund for metal processing sector

Training fund

Example for a group of instruments
Training and development fund for temporary work agency sector

Training fund

Example for a group of instruments
Training and Development Funds

Training fund

Group of instruments

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Group of instruments

Poland

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

National Training Fund

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Reimbursement of training cost - according to the Act of 11 October 2013 on special measures related to the protection of jobs.

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training vouchers for companies

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Training vouchers within Regional Operational Programmes 2014-2020

Grant for companies

Group of instruments

Grant for individuals

Financing the cost of post-graduate studies

Grant for individuals

Single instrument
Training voucher

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Training loan from the Labour Fund

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Portugal

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Internships REATIVAR

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Portugal 2020 - Support to company training

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Loan

Credit line for higher education students with mutual guarantee

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Education and professional training expenses

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training leave

Vocational training - Continuing training

Training leave

Single instrument
Worker student statute

Training leave

Single instrument

Romania

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

State/minimis support scheme co-financed from ESF within the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resource Development (SOP HRD), KAI 2.3: Access and participation in CVT

Grant for companies

Single instrument
State/minimis support scheme co-financed from ESF within the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resource Development (SOP HRD), Key area of intervention (KAI) 3.2 Training and support for companies and employees to promote adaptability

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Private scholarships

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument
Tax allowance

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Slovakia

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Grants under ESF Operational Programmes

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Loan

Student Loan Fund

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Qualification agreement - payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Tax allowance for training and re-qualification of employees, and own training facilities

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training leave

The right to absence from work for educational purposes

Training leave

Single instrument

Slovenia

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Co-financing incentives for employers to provide practical training at the workplace

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Co-financing incentives for employers to provide practical training with work on the basis of the educational programmes leading to a qualification.“From faculty to practice – Promoting the acquisition of first work experience for young people

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

National scholarships, sponsorships

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Research and development tax incentive

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument
Tax allowance for practical part of vocational education and traning

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Tax incentive for individuals

Student allowance

Tax incentive for individuals

Single instrument

Training fund

Foundation for Employee Training

Training fund

Group of instruments

Training leave

Training Leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Spain

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Calls for economic support to the development of strategic training actions (Basque Foundation for Continuing Vocational Training)

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Loan

Programme of loans for university students

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Permanence pact

Payback clause

Single instrument

Training fund

Construction Labour Foundation - Training

Training fund

Single instrument
Training fund of the Tripartite Foundation for Training for Employment - training delivered by companies.

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Individual training leave

Training leave

Single instrument
Leave for vocational education and training for employment

Training leave

Single instrument

Sweden

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for individuals

Student aid - loan and grant scheme

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument

Loan

Student aid - loan and grant scheme

Grant for individuals, Loan

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument

Training fund

Tax incentive for companies

Tax incentive for individuals

Grant for companies

Grant for individuals

Loan

Training leave

Payback clause

Grant for companies

Apprenticeships (25+)

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Employer Ownership of Skills

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Flexible training opportunities

Grant for companies

Single instrument
Skills for Care Workforce Development Fund

Grant for companies

Single instrument
UK Futures Programme

Grant for companies

Single instrument

Grant for individuals

Skills Development Scotland - Individual Learning Accounts (ILA)

Grant for individuals

Single instrument

Loan

Loans for those aged 24+ on courses at level 3 and above (Advanced learning loans)

Loan

Single instrument
Professional and career development loans (PCDL)

Loan

Single instrument

Payback clause

Payback clause

Payback clause

Single instrument

Tax incentive for companies

Work-related training tax exemption, tax allowance

Tax incentive for companies

Single instrument

Training fund

Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme

Training fund

Single instrument
ECITB levy-grant scheme

Training fund

Single instrument
Skills Investment Fund

Training fund

Single instrument

Training leave

Training leave

Training leave

Single instrument