The dataset combines several OJA-based indicators associated with recruitment difficulties, including increases in labour demand, changes in the demand for digital skills, the duration that job advertising remains online, the increase in the share of OJAs posted in a non-native language and an increase in the ratio of OJAs-to-employment for a given occupation.
These indicators are combined into a single, normalised EU27-level score ranging from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate stronger signals of demand imbalances as reflected in OJAs.
The indicators present an ongoing, exploratory, data-driven analysis by Cedefop that uses Online Job Advertisements (OJAs), collected jointly with Eurostat through Web Intelligence Hub, to identify occupations that may be experiencing labour demand imbalances. In this context, demand imbalances refer to signals of potential recruitment difficulties for the advertised vacancies.
Caution remark: OJA data are subject to representativeness and classification limitations. Occupations with insufficient coverage have been excluded from the analysis.
Scroll down to download the full dataset in spreadsheet format.
You can explore the data online by visiting the dashboard: Online Job Advertisements (OJAs) imbalances in occupations.
Dataset details
© European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop), 2026
Cedefop (2026). Cedefop OJA Demand Labour Imbalance Dataset https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/datasets/oja-imbalance-occupations
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OJA imbalances dataset - 2026-05