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This research advances long-standing work by Cedefop to support policymakers and vocational education and training (VET) practitioners in empowering young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) and tackling early leaving from VET.

It draws extensively on Cedefop’s VET toolkits for tackling early leaving and the VET toolkit for empowering NEETs, which serve as online knowledge hubs offering intervention approaches, good practices and practical tools for policy and practice. Using recent Eurostat data, the report analyses trends in NEET rates over the past decade and explores gender gaps and the urban–rural divide, highlighting how these factors shape young people’s risk of exclusion. It showcases holistic, personalised and VET-centred measures that support re-engagement, skills development and smoother transitions to work. The findings contribute to EU priorities, including the European Pillar of Social Rights and the goal of reducing the NEET rate to 9% by 2030, offering clear, actionable guidance for more inclusive VET systems.

Publication details

Publication number
5618
Publication year
2026
Publication month
March
Publication type
Cite as

Cedefop. (2026). Building inclusive futures for NEETs: VET solutions for Europe’s young people not in employment, education or training. Cedefop research paper. Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2801/7473761 https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/5618 

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Building inclusive futures for NEETs : VET solutions for Europe’s young people not in employment, education or training.

EN 7.79 MB