This report examines the progress made over two decades (2000-2020) in transforming lifelong learning into a reality for individuals in Europe. The study finds that, while significant progress has been made in promoting flexible and inclusive education and training systems, barriers and challenges remain.
Key changes include increased opportunities for personalisation of learning experiences, expansion of quality education and training pathways with improved accessibility, and easier portability of qualifications across countries. However, challenges persist.
These include fragmented strategies and limited coordination between sectors, implementation hurdles, underuse and underdevelopment of credit systems and quality assurance frameworks, low uptake of validation of non-formal and informal learning, and variations in the recognition of qualifications.
The report provides policy recommendations to address these challenges, including promoting a cohesive strategy with stronger cross-system stakeholder collaboration, integrating non-formal and informal learning, and strengthening the capacity of institutions and stakeholders to further support their implementation.
Publication details
Cedefop. (2025). Lifelong learning in 2000 and 2020.What has changed for the individual citizen? Cedefop research paper. Publications Office of the European Union. DOI: 10.2801/0797591 https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/5613
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Lifelong learning in 2000 and 2020.What has changed for the individual citizen?
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