This European Court of Auditors report assesses how EU cohesion policy funding has supported youth employment across Member States. It examines the effectiveness of measures financed through the European Social Fund and the Youth Employment Initiative in helping young people access employment, education and training opportunities.
This discussion paper analyses the labour market reforms introduced through Spain’s Recovery and Resilience Plan and their preliminary impact on employment outcomes. It examines measures aimed at reducing temporary employment, strengthening active labour market policies, improving skills development and modernising vocational education and training.
This report presents the ComNetNEET project, a European initiative aimed at promoting the social inclusion and employability of young people who are NEET.
What the UK’s growing NEETs problem really looks like, and how to fix it – Resolution Foundation Report
This report examines the rising share of young people (16-24) not in education, employment or training in the United Kingdom. It looks into the changing composition of NEETs facing challenges related to low qualifications, health issues, or economic difficulties.
An examination of why the UK NEET rate is high and rising
This report investigates why the UK’s NEET rate has been rising since 2019, and why it has long been higher than in many other countries. It explores the potential links with factors such as current labour market conditions, health and well-being levels, as well as social support systems.
2025 report of the Network of Public Employment Services with a special focus on Youth Guarantee implementation
Published every two years, this capacity report provides an EU-wide overview of the evolving role of Public Employment Services (PES) in 2025, with a special focus on the reinforced Youth Guarantee, alongside two additional themes: skills-based approaches and the role of PES in addressing labour shortages.
Improving the visibility of competences in the framework of Youthpass
Youthpass is a European recognition tool for identifying and documenting learning outcomes that are acquired through non-formal and informal learning in projects under the Erasmus+ Youth and the European Solidarity Corps programmes.
The objective of this report is the evaluation of 28 projects under the ALMA initiative, carried out with the European Social Fund Agency, and more specifically of the impact on participants and beneficiaries.
European implementation assessment of the reinforced Youth Guarantee and its impact on youth transitions
This European Parliament study evaluates how the 2020 Reinforced Youth Guarantee (RYG) has been implemented across EU Member States, examining trends, challenges; and impacts on young people’s access to quality offers of employment, education, apprenticeships, and traineeships.
UN and ILO joint report on the risks of uneven AI adoption
This report focuses on disparities in access to digital infrastructure, quality education, training, and skills that shape opportunities in the changing world of work.
Regional impact analysis of the YEI on youth labour market and education outcomes
This article assesses the impact of the Youth Employment Initiative (YEI), a major EU funding instrument targeting young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs), across European regions.
Survey on new generation’s opinions on the pursuit of money, meaning, and wellbeing
This survey aims to examine the connection between happiness and work in the Belgian workplace. It identifies work happiness as a key pursuit of Gen Z and Millennial workers and tries to answer the question whether happiness is the responsibility of the employer.
Unlocking the potential of people through promoting higher employment in the EU
This edition of the annual Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) review examines 51 million EU residents (aged 20-64) out of employment and highlights how including groups that are under-represented in the labour market can help offset the impacts of demographic change on Europe’s workforce.
Identifying skills utilisation gaps and the role of upskilling and training
This report aims to examine the level of digital skill utilisation by NEETs, as compared to employed youth, amidst the rapid digital transformation of the labour market. Moreover, it sheds light on the role of upskilling, active labour market policies, and training more generally in predicting NEET status and reducing NEET rates.
This is the seventh edition of the European Employment Services (EURES) report on labour market imbalances, exploring the status of labour shortages and surpluses in 2024 and how they developed over time.
Reducing the number of young people in NEET status through targeted interventions
This ILO Handbook serves as a repository of good practices and policies that have been implemented in different countries around the world with the aim of reducing NEET rates. Measures are framed in accordance with the intervention’s primary objective, that is prevention, outreach and engagement, reintegration, and lowering unemployment.
