- 2016Implementation
- 2017Implementation
- 2018Implementation
- 2019Implementation
- 2020Implementation
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Discontinued
Background
The National team of ECVET experts, established in 2011, focuses on further promotion and development of ECVET in Croatia through workshops and individual consultations aimed at both existing and potential Erasmus+ beneficiaries, including VET teachers, school directors and EU project coordinators. This activity is in line with the priority on VET internationalisation of the VET system development programme 2016-20, which defines measures for the promotion of ECVET (goal 4.1. strengthened international relevance of VET; measure 4.1. development and improvement of opportunities for greater mobility of learners and teachers).
Objectives
The promotion of ECVET focuses on expanding its uptake by VET providers in Croatia and thus supports learner mobility, recognition of learning outcomes and quality of mobility arrangements.
Description
A national ECVET portal was developed in 2016. A growing number of Croatian institutions are recognising the benefits of ECVET. Amendments to the VET Act from 2018 stipulated that VET students can acquire learning outcomes during periods of international mobility. This is intended to support VET schools in setting up longer periods of VET student mobility.
Six workshops were organised in 2018 for around 230 teachers and school directors. The participants were introduced to different aspects of ECVET and instructed how to implement ECVET successfully in mobility projects. The recognition of learning outcomes acquired by VET students during international mobility periods is at the discretion of VET schools. The choice of recognition mechanisms is granted on a case-by-case basis depending on the partnership arrangements and agreements between the sending and the receiving institutions in line with specific learning agreements. Schools use different approaches when recognising learning outcomes acquired abroad. In general, VET students go abroad for short-term mobility, which involves work-based learning. Accordingly, the entire process of recognition at school level is determined in consideration of the scope of activities undertaken during mobility and the results achieved. On that basis, the National team of ECVET experts and the Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes (AMPEU) designed and organised a new workshop on learning...
A national ECVET portal was developed in 2016. A growing number of Croatian institutions are recognising the benefits of ECVET. Amendments to the VET Act from 2018 stipulated that VET students can acquire learning outcomes during periods of international mobility. This is intended to support VET schools in setting up longer periods of VET student mobility.
Six workshops were organised in 2018 for around 230 teachers and school directors. The participants were introduced to different aspects of ECVET and instructed how to implement ECVET successfully in mobility projects. The recognition of learning outcomes acquired by VET students during international mobility periods is at the discretion of VET schools. The choice of recognition mechanisms is granted on a case-by-case basis depending on the partnership arrangements and agreements between the sending and the receiving institutions in line with specific learning agreements. Schools use different approaches when recognising learning outcomes acquired abroad. In general, VET students go abroad for short-term mobility, which involves work-based learning. Accordingly, the entire process of recognition at school level is determined in consideration of the scope of activities undertaken during mobility and the results achieved. On that basis, the National team of ECVET experts and the Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes (AMPEU) designed and organised a new workshop on learning outcomes in 2018 to raise the capacities of VET schools for defining, writing and applying learning outcomes. Practical issues are consistently addressed, such as establishing partnerships with international peers, drafting memoranda of understanding and learning agreements, and advancing the quality of mobility projects. As a result, 39 out of 62 beneficiaries opted for ECVET in mobility projects in 2018, compared to 15 out of 37 in 2017. A growing number of schools continuously shows interest in its use in the future: according to the evaluation feedback from one of the workshops, 97.2% of participants stated that they plan to use ECVET in their mobility projects. Additionally, the National team of ECVET experts and the Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes carried out a contest for the best national project implementing ECVET and publicly presented the award at an event organised for potential Erasmus+ project applicants, attended by around 80 participants.
In 2019, the Croatian ECVET national team continued to promote ECVET among stakeholders and improve the quality of ECVET implementation in mobility projects. Team meetings (four) ensured regular exchange of information on the latest developments in ECVET. Around 230 participants attended six tailored workshops with instructions on successful implementation of ECVET, and included a specialised session on defining, writing and applying learning outcomes, which is central to ECVET implementation. Also, the second edition of the contest for the best national project implementing ECVET rewarded three beneficiaries for their successful implementation of ECVET. The official website was regularly updated with news and information.
The use of ECVET is continuously expanding in Croatia with a rising proportion of beneficiaries using it: from 63% in 2018 (39 beneficiaries out of 62) to 73% in 2019 (40 beneficiaries out of 55). Recognition of mobility periods mostly involves the recognition of mandatory practical training. Occasionally, units of learning outcomes are also recognised in the form of marks in specific subjects, if foreseen by learning agreements signed between the sending and the receiving institutions.
Despite the COVID-19 outbreak, the Croatian National team of ECVET experts successfully implemented the activities aimed at promoting ECVET in 2020, mostly virtually. Three workshops were held for potential applicants, as well as two workshops at kick-off meetings and one entirely dedicated to learning outcomes. The workshops were attended by around 235 participants. They aimed to encourage the use of ECVET among beneficiaries, especially newcomers, as well as to improve the quality of ECVET implementation in mobility projects.
Three finalists of the third edition of the Best national project implementing ECVET contest were rewarded for their successful implementation of the outcome-oriented approach. 47 out of 62 beneficiaries in contracted projects opted for use of ECVET in 2020 (76%), compared to 73% in 2019 and 63% in 2018. Mobility periods and learning outcomes were generally recognised for learners, either as part of the obligatory practical training, or as marks in specific subjects.
The national agency supported the setting up of a national VET team for the new 2021-27 programme period. In 2021, the team continued implementing activities aimed at reinforcing the key principles related to flexibility of VET, as well as promoting other principles laid down in relevant policy documents. For this purpose, the team organised five workshops. Two of them - kick-off meeting for mobility projects and promotional webinar for the Erasmus+ 2022 call - were integrated into regular activities implemented by the national agency's Department for VET; three were held as separate events. The workshops covered topics such as learning outcomes, recognition in VET, tools on learning mobility and quality assurance in international mobilities. They were attended by over 300 participants, mainly VET teachers and project coordinators, either implementing or interested in implementation of Erasmus+ projects in VET. The VET Team continued to offer individual counselling to project implementers funded under the previous programme, and also to those who are interested in or implementing projects under the new programme. As stipulated by the Croatian Law on Vocational Education, learner mobility periods spent abroad were recognised by the sending institutions, either as part of the obligatory practical training or as marks in specific subjects. In addition to content created for the NA new website, the website used in the previous programme period was regularly updated with news, inspirational videos, and examples of good practice.
In 2020 the activities of the national team shifted their focus of work to supporting schools in terms of mobility and quality assurance. There were no activities in 2022.
Bodies responsible
- Agency for Mobility and EU Programmes (AMPEU)
Target groups
Learners
- Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
Education professionals
- Teachers
Entities providing VET
- VET providers (all kinds)
Thematic categories
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
The learning-outcomes-based approaches focus on what a learner is expected to know, to be able to do and understand at the end of a learning process (Cedefop, 2016). Learning outcomes can be defined at the system level as in national qualification frameworks (NQFs), most of which are currently based on learning outcomes. Learning outcomes can be defined in qualification standards, curricula, learning programmes and assessment, although the last one is still uncommon. This thematic sub-category refers to the use of learning outcomes in these contexts and to development and use of modules or units of learning outcomes in VET curricula and programmes.
This thematic sub-category refers to acquisition of key competences and basic skills for all, from an early age and throughout their life, including those acquired as part of qualifications and curricula. Key competences include knowledge, skills and attitudes needed by all for personal fulfilment and development, employability and lifelong learning, social inclusion, active citizenship and sustainable awareness. Key competences include literacy; multilingual; science, technology, engineering and mathematical (STEM); digital; personal, social and learning to learn; active citizenship, entrepreneurship, cultural awareness and expression (Council of the European Union, 2018).
Transparency and portability of VET skills and qualifications
European principles and tools, such as EQF, ESCO, ECTS, Europass and ECVET, provide a strong basis for transparency and portability of national and sectoral qualifications across Europe, including the issuing of digital diplomas and certificates.
This thematic category looks at how individuals are supported in transferring, accumulating, and validating skills and competences acquired in formal, non-formal and informal settings – including learning on the job – and in having their learning recognised towards a qualification at any point of their lives. This is only possible if qualifications are transparent and comparable and are part of comprehensive national qualifications frameworks. Availability of qualifications smaller than full and acquirable in shorter periods of time is necessary; some countries have recently worked on developing partial qualifications, microcredentials, etc.
This thematic sub-category refers to the application of EU transparency tools that allow recognition of qualifications among EU Member States (EQF, Europass, ESCO, ECTS). Among others, it includes linking national VET platforms and databases to Europass in accordance with the Europass Decision and EQF Recommendation and the use of the ECVET principles and tools, such as memoranda of understanding or learning agreements applied in mobility actions. The sub-category also covers measures on recognition of foreign/third-country qualifications for specific target groups, e.g. migrants or highly skilled professionals.
This thematic sub-category refers to the development and implementation of qualifications that are smaller than full qualifications (alternative credentials) or are acquired in a shorter learning experience. It includes microcredentials, partial qualifications, units of learning outcomes (ECVET principle), digital badges, etc. These are owned by learners and can be combined or not to get a full qualification.
European and international dimensions of VET
This thematic category covers both European and international cooperation in initial and continuing VET, aimed at promoting EU VET systems as a European education and training area and making it a reference for learners in neighbouring countries and across the globe.
Expanding opportunities and increasing participation of VET learners, young and adult, and staff in international mobility for learning and work, including apprenticeship and virtual and blended mobility, account for most initiatives in this thematic category.
Apart from established and financially supported EU cooperation, VET opens up to cooperation and promotion of European values and national practices beyond the EU, which is becoming a trend. This thematic category also encompasses internationalisation strategies, transnational cooperation projects and initiatives – including those where joint VET programmes, examinations and qualifications are developed – and participation in international skills competitions that promote the image of VET. Using international qualifications – awarded by legally established international bodies or by a national body acting on behalf of an international body – in the national VET systems and recognising them towards national qualifications is also in focus.
This thematic sub-category refers to providing opportunities for, implementing and increasing rates of, learning mobility of VET and adult learners and staff, including virtual mobility, apprenticeship placements, long-duration mobility and mobility to third countries, in line with national regulations, collective agreements and health and safety provisions. It also includes the provision of information about mobility, support structures and tools, strengthening the quality of mobility experiences and recognition of learning outcomes acquired abroad, including with the use of relevant EU tools, e.g. memoranda of understanding or learning agreements (ECVET elements).
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Promotion of ECVET in learner mobility: Croatia. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/ro/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28789