[URLs accessed 25.8.2022]
AFPA – Association nationale pour la formation professionnelle des adultes (1992). Vocabulaire des formateurs [Vocabulary of trainers]. Paris: AFPA.
Alexander, P.A.; Schallert, D.L. and Hare, V.C. (1991). Coming to terms: how researchers in learning and literacy talk about knowledge. Review of educational research, Vol. 61, No 3, pp. 315-343. https://doi.org/10.3102%2F00346543061003315
Alverno College. Assessment essentials: definition of terms. http://depts.alverno.edu/saal/terms.html
APA - American Library Association. Digital literacy: APA dictionary of psychology. https://literacy.ala.org/digital-literacy
Arntz, M.; Gregory, T. and Zierahn, U. (2017). Revisiting the risk of automation. Economics Letters, Vol. 159, pp. 157-160.
Bolton, E. (1980). A conceptual analysis of the mentor relationship in the career development of women. Adult education quarterly, Vol. 30, No 4, pp. 195-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171368003000401
Bonk, C.J. and Graham, C.R. (2006). The handbook of blended learning: global perspectives, local designs. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer Publishing.
Canadian information centre for international credentials (2003). Guide to terminology usage in the field of credentials recognition and mobility in English in Canada. https://www.cicic.ca/1622/get_more_information_about_the_terminology_guides.canada
Cedefop (2002). Technical working group on quality in VET: a proposal of grid to collect information on standards in European VET systems. Working document [unpublished].
Cedefop (2003). Quality in training: glossary: working paper.
https://cumulus.cedefop.europa.eu/files/vetelib/eu/pub/cedefop/virtual/quality_glossary_2003.pdf
Cedefop (2008a). Terminology of European education and training policy: a selection of 100 key terms. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/publications/4064
Cedefop (2008b). Assuring the quality of VET systems by defining expected outcomes: a cross-country analysis in seven Member States. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop Panorama series, No 158. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/5181_en.pdf
Cedefop (2010). The skill matching challenge: analysing skill mismatch and policy implications. Luxembourg: Publications Office. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/3056_en.pdf
Cedefop (2011a). Glossary: quality in education and training. Luxembourg: Publications Office. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/4106_en.pdf
Cedefop (2011b). The benefits of vocational education and training. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop research paper, No 10. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/5510_en.pdf
Cedefop (2012). International qualifications. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/4116_en.pdf
Cedefop (2014). Terminology of European education and training policy: a selection of 130 key terms. Second edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/4117_en.pdf
Cedefop (2015a). Skills, qualifications and jobs in the EU: the making of a perfect match? Evidence from Cedefop’s European skills and jobs survey. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series, No 103. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3072_en.pdf
Cedefop (2015b). CVET in Europe: the way ahead. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series, No 101. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3070_en.pdf
Cedefop (2016a). Anticipating and matching skills: a Cedefop project. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/projects/assisting-eu-countries-skills-matching
Cedefop (2016b). Staff working document accompanying Commission Communication on the skills agenda: skills intelligence and guidance in Europe [unpublished].
Cedefop (2020a). Vocational education and training in Europe, 1995-2035: scenarios for European vocational education and training in the 21st century. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series, No 114. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3083_en.pdf
Cedefop (2020b). Developing and matching skills in the online platform economy: findings on new forms of digital work and learning from Cedefop’s CrowdLearn study. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series, No 116. http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/588297
Cedefop (2021a). Skill development in the platform economy: comparing microwork and online freelancing. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop research paper, No 81. http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/592284
Cedefop (2021b). Review and renewal of qualifications: towards methodologies for analysing and comparing learning outcomes. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop research paper, No 82. http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/615021
Cedefop and Bjørnåvold, J. (2000). Making learning visible: identification, assessment and recognition of non-formal learning in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series. https://op.europa.eu/s/wEe0
Cedefop; Descy, P. and Tessaring, M. (2005). Approaches and methods of evaluation and impact research. In: The value of learning: evaluation and impact of education and training: third report on vocational training research in Europe: synthesis report, part 2, pp.47-102. Cedefop reference series, No 61. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/3042_en.pdf
Cedefop and ETF (2020). The importance of being vocational: challenges and opportunities for VET in the next decade: Cedefop and ETF discussion paper. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/4186_en.pdf
Cedefop; ETF and UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning (2019). Global inventory of regional and national qualifications frameworks 2019: volume II: national and regional cases. https://uil.UNESCO.org/lifelong-learning/recognition-validation-accreditation/global-inventory-regional-and-national-0
Cedefop and Tissot, P. (2000). Glossary on identification, assessment and recognition of qualifications and competences and transparency and transferability of qualifications. In: Cedefop; Bjørnåvold, J. Making learning visible: identification, assessment and recognition of non-formal learning in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop reference series. https://op.europa.eu/s/wEe0
Cedefop and Tissot, P. (2004). Terminology of vocational training policy: a multilingual glossary for an enlarged Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://op.europa.eu/s/wEd5
Council of Europe (2020). Glossary on youth. https://pjp-eu.coe.int/en/web/youth-partnership/glossary
Council of Europe (2022). Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). https://www.coe.int/en/web/common-european-framework-reference-languages
Council of the European Union (2000). Presidency conclusions: Lisbon European Council: 23 and 24 March 2000. http://libserver.cedefop.europa.eu/vetelib/eu/pub/council/2000_0001_en.pdf
Council of the European Union (2008). Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Governments of the Member States, meeting within the Council of 21 November 2008 on better integrating lifelong guidance into lifelong learning strategies. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:42008X1213(02)&from=EN
Council of the European Union (2011). Council resolution on a renewed European agenda for adult learning. Official Journal of the European Union, C 372, 20.12.2011, p. 1-6. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011G1220(01)
Council of the European Union (2012). Council recommendation of 20 December 2012 on the validation of non-formal and informal learning. Official Journal of the European Union, C 398, 22.12.2012, p. 1-5. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32012H1222(01)
Council of the European Union (2016). Council Recommendation of 19 December 2016 on upskilling pathways: new opportunities for adults. Official Journal of the European Union, C 484, 24.12.2016, p. 1-6. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:JOC_2016_484_R_0001
Council of the European Union (2017). Council Recommendation of 22 May 2017 on the European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning and repealing the recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 on the establishment of the European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning. Official Journal of the European Union, C 189, 15.6.2017, p. 15-28. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017H0615(01)
Council of the European Union (2018a). Council Recommendation of 22 May 2018 on key competences for lifelong learning. Official Journal of the European Union, C 189, 4.6.2018, p. 1-13. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.C_.2018.189.01.0001.01.ENG
Council of the European Union (2018b). Council Recommendation of 15 March 2018 on a European Framework for Quality and Effective Apprenticeships. Official Journal of the European Union, OJ C 153, 2.5.2018, p. 1-6. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018H0502(01)
Council of the European Union (2020). Council Recommendation of 24 November 2020 on vocational education and training (VET) for sustainable competitiveness, social fairness and resilience. Official Journal of the European Union, OJ C 417, 2.12.2020, p. 1-16. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32020H1202(01)
Crowdsourcingweek (2021). What is crowdsourcing? https://crowdsourcingweek.com/what-is-crowdsourcing
OECD and De Grip, A. (2004). Evaluating human capital obsolescence. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/34932083.pdf
De Grip, A. and van Loo, J. (2007). The economics of skills obsolescence: a review. In: De Grip, A. et al. (eds). The economics of skills obsolescence: theoretical innovations and empirical applications. Research in labour economics, Vol. 21, pp. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-9121(02)21003-1
Department for Education and Skills (2004). Skillsbase: labour market information database [discontinued, last accessed 5.2.2004].
Durward, D.; Blohm, I. and Leimeister, J.M. (2016). Crowd Work. Business and Information Systems Engineering (BISE), Vol. 58, No 4, pp. 1-6. http://pubs.wi-kassel.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/JML_548.pdf
EEA – European Environment Agency (2004). EEA multilingual environmental glossary. https://www.eea.europa.eu/help/glossary/eea-glossary http://glossary.eea.eu.int/EEAGlossary
EEA – European Environment Agency (2014). Resource-efficient green economy and EU policies. https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/resourceefficient-green-economy-and-eu/at_download/file
EFQM – European Foundation for Quality Management. Glossary. http://excellenceone.efqm.org/Default.aspx?tabid=436
EIGE – European Institute for Gender (2020). Glossary and thesaurus. https://eige.europa.eu/thesaurus
EIPA – European Institute of Public Administration / IEuropäisches Institut für öffentliche Verwaltung / Institut européen d’administration publique (2006). CAF 2006: the common assessment framework (CAF): improving an organisation through self-assessment. Maastricht: EIPA. http://www.eipa.nl/files/File/CAF/Brochure2006/English_2006.pdf
EIPA – European Institute of Public Administration (2006). CAF 2006: the common assessment framework (CAF): improving an organisation through self-assessment. Maastricht: EIPA. http://www.eipa.nl/files/File/CAF/Brochure2006/English_2006.pdf
ELA – European Labour Authority (2022a). ELA’s mission. https://www.ela.europa.eu/en/elas-mission
ELA – European Labour Authority (2022b). What we do. https://www.ela.europa.eu/en/what-we-do
ELGPN – European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (2012). European lifelong guidance policies: progress report 2011-12. http://www.elgpn.eu/publications/browse-by-language/english/a-report-on-the-work-of-the-european-lifelong-guidance-policy-network-2011201312/
ELGPN – European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (2014). Lifelong guidance policy development: glossary. http://www.elgpn.eu/publications/browse-by-language/english/elgpn-tools-no.-2-llg-glossary
ELGPN – European Lifelong Guidance Policy Network (2015). Designing and implementing policies related to career management skills (CMS). http://www.elgpn.eu/publications/browse-by-language/english/ELGPN_CMS_tool_no_4_web.pdf
EQAVET – European Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training (2021). Placement rate in VET programmes. https://www.eqavet.eu/EU-Quality-Assurance/For-VET-System/Monitoring-your-System/Evaluation/indicators/indicator-5
ETF – European Training Foundation (1997). Glossary of labour market terms and standard and curriculum development terms. Turin: ETF.
ETF – European Training Foundation (2016). Qualification systems: getting organised. Draft for conference, November 2016. Turin: ETF. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/89E0B0EEF0F8C468C12580580029F2CD_Qualification%20systems_toolkit.pdf [accessed 20.1.2020]
ETF – European Training Foundation (2017a). Skills forecasts: matching the right workers and skills with the right jobs: skills anticipation background note, February 2017. Turin: ETF. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/B7B61B2538FFF764C12580E600495140_Skills%20forecasts.pdf
ETF – European Training Foundation (2017b). Employer surveys: producing the right skills for the right employers and enterprises: skills anticipation background note, February 2017. Turin: ETF. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/C4F32CCE637F754AC12580E6004A6574_Employer%20surveys.pdf
ETF – European Training Foundation (2017b). Labour market information systems: collecting information and data on labour market trends. Turin: ETF. https://www.etf.europa.eu/sites/default/files/m/466C7A2340B3DAE0C12580E60049FC1D_LMIS.pdf
ETF – European Training Foundation (2022). Mission. https://www.etf.europa.eu/en/about/mission-planning
ETF; Cedefop and ILO (2017). Developing and running an establishment skills survey: guide to anticipating and matching skills and jobs: Vol. 5. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/2219_en.pdf
EU-OSHA – European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2022). About EU-OSHA: what we do. https://osha.europa.eu/en/about-eu-osha/what-we-do
Eurofound (2012). NEETs: young people not in employment, education or training: characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe. Dublin: Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_publication/field_ef_document/ef1254en.pdf
Eurofound (2020). Eurwork: industrial relations dictionary: crowd employment. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/industrial-relations-dictionary/crowd-employment
Eurofound (2021a). Glossary. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/data/glossary
Eurofound (2021b). European industrial relations dictionary. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/industrial-relations-dictionary
Eurofound (2021c). European working conditions surveys (EWCS). https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys-ewcs
European Commission (1999). Glossary of 300 concepts and technical terms. In: Evaluating socio-economic programmes. MEANS collection, Vol. 6. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/915f21bf-5adf-4040-8991-7d4687a92bbf
European Commission (2001). Making a European area of lifelong learning a reality. COM(2001) 678 final. 21.11.2001. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2001:0678:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2002). Glossary of terms used in EU competition policy: antitrust and control of concentrations. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/100e1bc8-cee3-…
European Commission (2004). European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/european-credit-transfer-and-accumulation-systeml
European Commission (2011). DG Enterprise and Industry: glossary. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/glossary/index_en.htm
European Commission (2013). Opening up education: innovative teaching and learning for all through new technologies and open educational resources. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0654
European Commission (2015). ECTS users' guide 2015. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2766/87192
European Commission (2017a). Delivering on the European pillar of social rights. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=1226
European Commission (2017b). European semester thematic factsheet: active labour market policies. https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/default/files/european-semester_thematic-factsheet_active-labour-market-policies_en.pdf
European Commission (2017c). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European economic and social committee and the Committee of the regions: strengthening European identity through education and culture: the European Commission's contribution to the Leaders' meeting in Gothenburg, 17 November 2017. COM(2017) 673 final. 14.11.2017. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2017:673:FIN
European Commission (2018). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European economic and social committee and the Committee of the regions: building a stronger Europe: the role of youth, education and culture policies. COM(2018) 268 final. 22.5.2018. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM:2018:268:FIN
European Commission (2019). European skills/competences, qualifications and occupations - ESCO portal. https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal
European Commission (2020a). Digital education action plan (2021-2027): resetting education and training for the digital age. COM(2020) 624 final. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52020DC0624
European Commission (2020b). Inclusion for all: commission presents action plan on integration and inclusion 2021-2027. Press release, 24.11.2020. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_2178
European Commission (2021a). What are digital credentials. https://europa.eu/europass/en/what-are-digital-credentials
European Commission (2021b). About education and training policies. https://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/about-education-policies_en
European Commission (2021c). European employment strategy: flexicurity: what is flexicurity. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=102&langId=en
European Commission (2021d). Digital labour platforms in the EU: mapping and business models. https://www.ceps.eu/download/publication/?id=33383&pdf=KE-02-21-572-EN-N.pdf
European Commission (2021e). Pact for skills one year on: 450 organisations pledge to reskill over 1.5 million people in Europe. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?langId=en&catId=1517&furtherNews=yes&newsId=10098
European Commission (2021f). European skills agenda. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1223&langId=en
European Commission (2021g). Proposal for a Council Recommendation on a European approach to micro-credentials for lifelong learning and employability. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0770
European Commission and Cedefop (2021h). Towards a structured and consistent terminology on transversal skills and competences: 3rd report to ESCO Member States Working Group on a terminology for transversal skills and competences (TSCs). https://esco.ec.europa.eu/et/publication/towards-structured-and-consistent-terminology-transversal-skills-and-competences
European Commission (2022a). European alliance for apprenticeships. https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1147&langId=en
European Commission (2022b). Transversal knowledge, skills and competences. https://esco.ec.europa.eu/en/escopedia/transversal-knowledge-skills-and-competences
European Commission (2022c). Erasmus+ EU programme for education, training, youth and sport: glossary of terms: common terms. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms
European Commission (2022d). European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS). https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/inclusive-and-connected-higher-education/european-credit-transfer-and-accumulation-system
European Commission - DG Enterprise and Industry (2008). Towards world-class clusters in the European Union: implementing the broad-based innovation strategy: communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2769/6676
European Commission (2022d). Erasmus+ EU programme for education, training, youth and sport: glossary of terms: common terms. https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-commo…
European Parliament (2021). Employment policy. Fact sheets on the European Union, No 54. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/54/employment-policy
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2005). Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications. Official Journal of the European Union, L 255, 30.9.2005, p. 22-142. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32005L0036
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2006). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning (2006/962/EC). Official Journal of the European Union, L 394, 30.12.2006, pp. 10-18. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32006H0962
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2008a). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2008 on the establishment of the European qualifications framework for lifelong learning. Official Journal of the European Union, C 111, 6.5.2008, pp. 1-7. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32008H0506(01)
European Parliament and Council of the European Union / Europäisches Parlament und Rat der Europäischen Union / Parlement européen et Conseil de l’Union européenne (2008b). Regulation (EC) No 1339/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 establishing a European Training Foundation. Official Journal of the European Union, L 354, 31.12.2008, pp. 82-93. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2008.354.01.0082.01.ENG
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2009b). Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European quality assurance reference framework for vocational education and training. Official Journal of the European Union, C 155, 8.7.2009, pp. 1-10. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:32009H0708(01)
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2018). Decision (EU) 2018/646 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 April 2018 on a common framework for the provision of better services for skills and qualifications (Europass) and repealing Decision No 2241/2004/EC. Official Journal of the European Union, L 112/42, 2.5.2018, pp. 42-50. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32018D0646
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2019a). Regulation (EU) 2019/127 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 January 2019 establishing the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Official Journal of the European Union, L 30, 12.7.2019, pp. 58-73. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R0126
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (2019b). Directive (EU) 2019/1158 of the European Parliament and of the council of 20 June 2019 on work-life balance for parents and carers and repealing Council Directive 2010/18/EU. Official Journal of the European Union, L 188, 31.1.2019, pp. 79-92. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32019L1158
European Parliament and Council of the European (2021). Regulation (EU) 2021/817 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2021 establishing Erasmus+: the Union Programme for education and training, youth and sport and repealing Regulation (EU) No 1288/2013. Official Journal of the European Union, L 189, 28.5.2021, p. 1-33. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2021/817/
Eurostat (2020a). Statistics explained: category education and training glossary. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Category:Education_and_training_glossary
Eurostat (2020b). Statistic explained: people at risk of poverty or social exclusion. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:At_risk_of_poverty_or_social_exclusion_(AROPE)
Eurostat (2022). Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS). https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/continuing-vocational-training-survey
EuroVoc (2005). EuroVoc thesaurus [online]. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://op.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies
Eurydice (2007). TESE: thesaurus for education systems in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/41db61c0-0e24-…
Expert.ai (2020). What is machine learning? A definition. https://www.expert.ai/blog/machine-learning-definition/
Fernández-Macías, E. et al. (2018). Platform workers in Europe: evidence from the COLLEEM survey. Luxembourg: Publications Office. JRC science for policy report. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2760/742789
Foote, C.L. and Ryan, R.W. (2014). Labor market polarization over the business cycle. Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Research department working papers, 2014 series, No 14-16. https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/research-department-working-paper/2014/labor-market-polarization-over-the-business-cycle.aspx
Frey, C.B. and Osborne, M.A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 114(C), pp. 254-280. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162516302244
Globalcitizen (2019). 10 barriers to education that children living in poverty face. https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/10-barriers-to-education-around-the-world-2/
Great Schools Partnership (2014). The glossary of education reform. https://www.edglossary.org
HM Inspectorate of Education (2006). Quality management in education: self-evaluation for quality improvement. https://docplayer.net/6922142-Quality-management-in-education-self-evaluation-for-quality-improvement.html
IATE – Interactive Terminology for Europe (2021). European Union terminology. http://iate.europa.eu
ILO/IAO/OIT (1998). ILO thesaurus = Thesaurus BIT = Tesauro OIT: labour, employment and training terminology. Geneva: ILO. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/support/lib/tools/aboutthes.htm
ILO/IAO/OIT (2002). Resolution concerning decent work and the informal economy. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_098314.pdf
ILO/IAO/OIT (2008). Resolution concerning updating the international standard classification of occupations (ISCO-08). Geneva: ILO. http://www.ilo.org/public/english/bureau/stat/isco/index.htm
ILO/IAO/OIT (2011). Skills for green jobs: a global view: synthesis report based on 21 country studies. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/---dcomm/---publ/documents/publication/wcms_159585.pdf
ILO/IAO/OIT (2015). Anticipating and matching skills and jobs. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_534307.pdf
ILO/IAO/OIT (2021a). Employment Relationship. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/ifpdial/areas-of-work/labour-law/WCMS_CON_TXT_IFPDIAL_EMPREL_EN/lang--en/index.htm
ILO/IAO/OIT (2021b). Labour Market Information Systems. Geneva: ILO. www.ilo.org/global/topics/dw4sd/themes/lm-info-systems/lang--en/index.htm
ILO/IAO/OIT and ETF (2021). Developing national career development support systems: pathways to enhance lifelong career guidance, career education and career development support for workers. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_800036.pdf
ImpactTulsa (2021). Equity in education: defining equity, equality, and standardization. www.impacttulsa.org/impacttulsa-equity-in-education-defining-equity
Investopedia (2020). Brain drain. www.investopedia.com/terms/b/brain_drain.asp
Investopedia (2021). Artificial intelligence. www.investopedia.com/terms/a/artificial-intelligence-ai.asp
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (1994). ISO 8402-1994: quality management and quality assurance: vocabulary. Geneva: ISO.
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (1996). Standardisation and related activities: general vocabulary. Geneva: ISO.
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (2000). ISO 9000-2000: quality management systems: fundamentals and vocabulary. Geneva: ISO.
ISO – International Organization for Standardization (n.d.). Glossary of terms and abbreviations used in ISO/TC business plans. http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/Glossary.htm
Jenson, J. (1998). Mapping social cohesion: the state of Canadian research. Ottawa: Canadian Policy Research Networks.
Johnson Center for Philanthropy. Nonprofit and philanthropy good practice: glossary. http://www.npgoodpractice.org/Glossary/Default.aspx
Kallinger, M. (2006). CAF regional benchlearning project. https://docplayer.org/55885706-Caf-regional-benchlearning-project.html
Kilhoffer, Z.; Lenaerts, K. and Beblavy, M. (2017). The platform economy and industrial relations: applying the old framework to the new reality. CEPS Research report, No 2017/12. https://www.ceps.eu/system/files/RR2017-12_PlatformEconomyAndIR.pdf
Knowles, M.S. (1975). Self-directed learning. New York: Association Press.
Landsheere G. de. (1979). Dictionnaire de l’évaluation et de la recherche en éducation [Dictionary of evaluation and educational research]. Paris: PUF.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
Le Préau – Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Paris (2002). Quel modèle qualité pour la e-formation? Les normes qualité existantes répondent-elles aux besoins des acteurs de la e-formation? [Do existing quality standards meet the needs of e-training stakeholders?]. Paris: Le Préau.
Le Robert. Dico en ligne. https://dictionnaire.lerobert.com
Lehdonvirta, V. and Ernkvist, M. (2011). Knowledge map of the virtual economy: converting the virtual economy into development potential. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/929131468346444204/pdf/637390WP0Knowl00Box0361524B0PUBLIC0.pdf
Lexico.com. Gamification. https://www.lexico.com/definition/gamification
Lexico.com. Social capital. https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/sociial_capital
Lopez-Bassols, V. (2002). ICT skills and employment. Paris: OECD. STI working papers. https://doi.org/10.1787/18151965
Mackinac Center (2020). Introduction: what is ‘“virtual learning’”? https://www.mackinac.org/14475
Malot, N. (2002). Forum QFD (Quality function deployment). Paris: Le Préau – Chambre de Commerce et d’Industrie de Paris.
McAfee, A. and Brynjolfsson, E. (2012). Big data: the management revolution. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 90, No 10, pp. 60-66, 68, 128. https://hbr.org/2012/10/big-data-the-management-revolution
Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2022). Descriptor. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/descriptor
Ministère de l’éducation nationale [French Education Ministry] (2007). Diplômes et attestations: le baccalauréat [Degrees and certificates: the baccalaureate]. http://www.education.gouv.fr/cid143/le-baccalaureat.html
National University of Singapore (2022). https://www.nus.edu.sg/
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (1996). Assessing and certifying occupational skills and competences in vocational education and training. Paris: OECD. http://hdl.voced.edu.au/10707/8024
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2000). Literacy in the information age: final report of the international adult literacy survey. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/literacy-in-the-information-age_9789264181762-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2001a). The well-being of nations: the role of human and social capital. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264189515-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE. (2001b). OECD AI policy observatory: AI terms and concepts. https://oecd.ai/en/resources
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2002a). Glossary of key terms in evaluation and results based management. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/dac/evaluation/glossaryofkeytermsinevaluationandresultsbasedmanagement.htm
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2002c). Education at a glance: OECD indicators: glossary. https://doi.org/10.1787/eag-2002-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2007a). Qualifications systems: bridges to lifelong learning [Systèmes de certification: des passerelles pour apprendre à tout âge]. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264013681-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2007b). A bigger picture. In: Human capital: how what you know shapes your life, chapter 6. [Le capital humain: Comment le savoir détermine notre vie. Chapitre 6. Mieux vivre ensemble]. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/19936753
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2009). PIAAC numeracy: a conceptual framework. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/220337421165
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2010a). Learning for jobs. [Formation et emploi: relever le défi de la réussite]. Paris: OECD. OECD reviews of vocational education and training https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087460-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2010b). Workplace learning. In: Learning for jobs, pp. 105-135. Paris: OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087460-7-en
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2015). Working party on measurement and analysis of the digital economy: skills for a digital world: background paper for Ministerial Panel 4.2. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/ICCP/IIS(2015)10/FINAL&docLanguage=En
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2020a). Social and emotional skills: well-being, connectedness and success. https://www.oecd.org/education/school/UPDATED%20Social%20and%20Emotional%20Skills%20-%20Well-being,%20connectedness%20and%20success.pdf%20(website).pdf
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2020b). Strengthening the governance of skills systems. self-assessment tool. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/skills/centre-for-skills/Strengthening_the_Governance_of_Skills_Systems_Self_Assessment_Tool.pdf
OECD/OWZE/OCDE (2020c). A roadmap toward a common framework for measuring the digital economy: report for the G20 digital economy task force. Paris: OECD. https://www.oecd.org/sti/roadmap-toward-a-common-framework-for-measuring-the-digital-economy.pdf
OECD/OWZE/OCDE; ILO/IAO/OIT (2017). Better use of skills in the workplace: why it matters for productivity and local jobs. Paris: OECD. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264281394-en
Ohlsson, S. (1994). Declarative and procedural knowledge. In: Postlethwaite, T. (ed.). The international encyclopedia of education. Oxford: Pergamon, Vol. 3, pp. 1432-1434.
ONISEP (2021). Master, mastère, MBA... s'y retrouver dans les appellations. https://www.onisep.fr/Choisir-mes-etudes/Apres-le-bac/Conseils-et-strategies-d-etudes/Master-mastere-MBA-s-y-retrouver-dans-les-appellations
Oxford University Press (2001). New Oxford dictionary of English (2001). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oxford English Dictionary (2022). Work placement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/230216?redirectedFrom=work+placement#eid326818692
Palmer, R. (2017). Jobs and skills mismatch in the informal economy. Geneva: ILO. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/---ifp_skills/documents/publication/wcms_629018.pdf
PIN - People in Need (PIN). Indikit.net: completion rate in vocational education training. https://www.indikit.net/indicator/6-education-and-skills/149-completion-rate-in-vet
Polanyi, M. (1966). The tacit dimension. London: Routledge.
Pollitt, C. and Bouckaert, G. (2004). Public management reform: a comparative analysis. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Postlethwaite, T.N.; Husen, T. (1994). The international encyclopaedia of education. Oxford: Pergamon.
Pouliakas, K. (2021). Artificial intelligence and job automation: an EU analysis using online job vacancy data. Luxembourg: Publications Office. Cedefop working paper, No 6. http://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2801/305373
Pouliakas, K. and Ranieri, A., (2019). Governance of labor market and skills intelligence as driver of VET reform. In: McGrath S. et al. (eds). Handbook of vocational education and training, pp. 491-511. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94532-3_45
Prawat, R.S. (1989). Promoting access to knowledge, strategy, and disposition in students: a research synthesis. Review of education, Vol. 59, No 1, pp. 1-41.
Prensky M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, MCB University Press, Vol. 9, No. 5, pp. 1-5. https://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
PricewaterhouseCoopers, (2020). How will automation impact jobs? https://www.pwc.com/sk/en/publikacie/the-impact-of-automation-on-jobs.html
Rouhiainen, L. (2018). Artificial intelligence: 101 things you must know today about our future. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Samaniego, B. and Viegelahn, C. (2021) Estimating labour market transitions from labour force surveys: the case of Viet Nam. Geneva: ILO. ILO working paper, No 35. https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_806838.pdf
Scottish Executive (2007). What is employability? http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Business-Industry/Employability/definition
Seifert A. and Rössel K. (2019). Digital participation. In: Gu, D. And Dupre, M. (eds.) Encyclopaedia of gerontology and population aging, Springer. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_1017-1
SES WebClass (2021). Intégration. https://ses.webclass.fr/notions/integration
Siurala, L. (2005): A European framework of youth policy. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. https://rm.coe.int/european-framework-for-youth-policy-eng/16809096b6
Spendolini, J.M. (1992). The benchmarking book. New York: American Management Association.
Sutton R. and Barto, A., (1998). Reinforcement learning: an introduction. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Tampkin, P. and Hillage, J. (1999). Employability and employers: the missing piece of the jigsaw. IES - Institute for Employment Studies. IES report, 361. https://www.employment-studies.co.uk/resource/employability-and-employers-missing-piece-jigsaw
The Economist (2010). Business database dictionary. https://www.economist.com/economics-a-to-z
The Economist (2017). How voice technology is transforming computing. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2017/01/07/how-voice-technology-is-transforming-computing
TheBestSchools (2020). Synchronous vs. asynchronous classes: what’s the difference? https://thebestschools.org/resources/synchronous-vs-asynchronous-programs-courses/
UNESCO; Titmus, C. et al. (1979). Terminology of adult education. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.UNESCO.org/ark:/48223/pf0000032265
UCAS – Universities and colleges admissions service (2003). Helping students into higher education. http://www.ucas.co.uk
UK Evaluation Society. Glossary of evaluation terms. http://www.evaluation.org.uk/resources/glossary.aspx
UK Government. (2015). Policy paper: government digital inclusion strategy. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/government-digital-inclusion-strategy/government-digital-inclusion-strategy
UK Parliament (2012). Science and Technology Committee: second report. higher education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201213/ldselect/ldsctech/37/3702.htm
UKCES – UK Commission for Employment and Skills (2013). The supply and demand for high-level STEM skills. Evidence report, No 77. November 2013. Warwick, England. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/302973/evidence-report-77-high-level-stem-skills_1_.pdf
UNESCO (1995). UNESCO thesaurus. Paris: UNESCO. http://databases.UNESCO.org/thesaurus
UNESCO (2001). International consultation on educational governance at local levels. Paris: UNESCO, 27-28 February 2001. www.UNESCO.org/education/highlights/governance.html
UNESCO (2011). International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. Paris: UNESCO. http://uis.UNESCO.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme (2020). Green economy. https://www.unep.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regional-initiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-economy
Vedamo (2020). What is a virtual classroom? https://www.vedamo.com/knowledge/what-is-virtual-classroom
Victoria’s English (2020). Apprentissage inversé, g.n. https://www.victorias.fr/apprentissage-inverse.html
Webopedia (20210). Webinar definition and meaning. https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/W/Webinar.html
Werner, H.; Bennett, R. And König, I. (1994). Glossar zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung: Glossar Englisch-Deutsch/Deutsch-Englisch: Begriffe zu Arbeitsmarkt, Bildung und Sozialem. Nürnberg: Bundesanstalt für Arbeit.
WGCG – Inter-Agency Working Group on Career Guidance (2021). Investing in career guidance: revised version 2021. https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/files/2230_en.pdf
Wikipedia (2012). Personal development. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development
Otras referencias específicas de términos españoles
Repetto Talavera, E. y Pérez-González, J.C. (2007). Formación en competencias socioemocionales a través de prácticas en empresas. Revista Europea Formación Profesional, April 2007, nº 40. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/etv/Upload/Information_resources/Bookshop/468/40_es_repetto.pdf
Fundación Tripartita (2007). Glosario de términos. http://www.fundaciontripartita.es/publico/glosarioTerminosAyuda.aspx
Gobernado Arribas, Rafael (2005). La sobreeducación en España, Documentos de trabajo (Centro de Estudios Andaluces), Serie 2, nº. 1. http://public.centrodeestudiosandaluces.es/pdfs/S200501.pdf
Instituto Nacional de las Cualificaciones (2007). Glosario de términos. http://www.educacion.gob.es/educa/incual/ice_glosario.html
Instituto Nacional de las Cualificaciones (2003). Guía sectorial de la formación de profesionales en España. Madrid: INEM. http://www.educacion.gob.es/educa/incual/pdf/2/21guiasectorial.pdf
Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, TodoFP (2013). Glosario de términos sobe formación profesional. http://www.todofp.es/todofp/glosario.html
Moliner, M. (1984). Diccionario de uso del español. Madrid: ed. Gredos.
Zusätzliche Quellen für die deutschsprachigen Einträge
Cedefop; Mainguet, C. (1999a). Der Übergang vom Bildungssystem ins Erwerbsleben. Luxemburg: Amt für Veröffentlichungen. Cedefop Dossier. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/6002_de.pdf%20de.pdf
Cedefop; Tessaring, M. (1999b) Ausbildung im gesellschaftlichen Wandel: ein Bericht zum aktuellen Stand der Berufsbildungsforschung in Europa. Luxemburg: Amt für Veröffentlichungen. Cedefop Referenzdokument.
Cedefop (2010). Die richtige Qualifikation? Qualifikationsungleichgewichte in Europa: Kurzbericht. Luxemburg: Amt für Veröffentlichungen. http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/9023_de.pdf
European Agency for Development in Special Needs Education – Europäische Agentur für Entwicklungen in der sonderpädagogischen Förderung. https://www.european-agency.org/
Kultusministerkonferenz (2003). Berufliche Bildung im Überblick. http://www.kmk.org/beruf/beruf1.htm
Technische Universität München (2003). LEO English-German dictionary. München. http://dict.leo.org
Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union (2007). Inter-Active Terminology for Europe (IATE) https://iate.europa.eu/
Fonti aggiuntive per la lingua italiana
Commissione europea (2000). Regolamento (CE) n. 1916/2000 della Commissione, dell’8 settembre 2000, recante attuazione del regolamento (CE) n. 530/1999 del Consiglio relativo alle statistiche sulla struttura delle retribuzioni e del costo del lavoro per quanto riguarda la defi nizione e la trasmissione delle informazioni sulla struttura delle retribuzioni. Gazzetta uffi ciale, 09 settembre 2000, n L 229, del pag. 3-13. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:2000R1916:20100101:IT:PDF
De Mauro, T. (1999). Grande dizionario italiano dell’uso. Torino: UTET.
Federighi, P. (a cura di) (2000). Glossario dell’educazione degli adulti in Europa. http://www.eaea.org/doc/pub/eurIT.pdf
Formez. Glossario per l’europrogettazione italiano-inglese. http://db.formez.it/GlossarioITEN.nsf/
Margiotta, U. Glossario di scienze della formazione. https://www.ianas.edu.it/pdf/lessicossis.pdf