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European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training
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Vocational education and training in Europe
VET in Europe database – detailed VET system descriptions
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Systems
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Publications and reports
News and events
National policy developments
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Select countries to compare vocational education and training systems
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France
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Hungary
Ireland
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Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
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Versus
Country
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Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czechia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Iceland
Norway
United Kingdom
Year
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General themes
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Summary of main elements and distinctive features of VET
Main challenges and policy responses
External factors influencing VET
Education attainment
VET within education and training system
Apprenticeship
VET governance
VET financing mechanisms
Teachers and trainers
Shaping VET qualifications
Quality assurance
Validation of prior learning
Incentives for learners
Incentives for enterprises to boost their participation in VET provision
Guidance and counselling
Levels and types
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Tertiary
Post-secondary
Secondary
VET available to adults (formal and non-formal)
Continuing VET
Initial VET
Themes by level
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Basic information (e.g. EQF, ISCED, duration, entry/completion age/grade)
Learning forms (e.g. dual, part-time, distance)
Main providers (types)
Share of work-based learning provided by education institutions and companies
Work-based learning type (workshops at schools, in-company training / apprenticeships)
Main target groups
Entry requirements for learners (qualification/education level, age)
Assessment arrangements
Diplomas/certificates
Qualification example(s)
Progression opportunities for learners after graduation
Destination of graduates
Awards through validation of prior learning
General education subjects
Key competences
Application of learning outcomes approach
Share of learners in this programme type compared with the total number of VET learners
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