- 2018Design
- 2019Design
- 2020Approved/Agreed
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Implementation
- 2023Implementation
- 2024Implementation
Background
In 2017, Sweden, at 34.6%, had the highest participation rate of adults (18+) in education and training the last 4 weeks before the survey was conducted (Eurostat, TRNG_LFS_01). However, municipal adult education still has a deficit in responding fast enough to skills needed on the labour market and a deficit in offering training for disadvantaged groups.
Objectives
Opening up municipal adult education as a second chance education and as an opportunity for career changes; inclusion of adults with intellectual disabilities into municipal adult education.
Description
The government set up an enquiry: A second chance and another chance - an updated municipal education in 2017 to propose changes needed in the legislation on prioritising groups admitted to municipal adult education. In August 2018, the enquiry presented its proposals to the government for making adult municipal education more responsive to changes in the labour market and to the needs of individuals. It aimed at opening up municipal adult education as a second chance education and as an opportunity for career changes, targeting also older workers and migrants. It also proposed to include adults with intellectual disabilities in municipal adult education, offering them a variety of VET opportunities in the form of apprenticeship and school-based training.
In 2019 the update of adult education was still under preparation.
On 12 March 2020, the government proposed (Komvux för stärkt kompetensförsörjning) legislative changes to parliament in line with the proposals from the enquiry: A second chance (En andra och en annan chans). Parliament approved the legislative changes before the summer recess.
Municipal adult education for adults with learning disabilities became integrated in municipal adult education for adults from 1 July 2020. Rights and opportunities for an education for adults with learning disabilities have strengthened as a consequence.
Moreover, in 2020 a government bill on Municipal Adult Education was adopted, which strengthens skills provision, accelerates the integration of immigrants and facilitates re- and upskilling of adults. The Government concluded that Municipal Adult Education plays a key role in providing relevant competence at regional and national levels.
In 2021, the Swedish National Agency for Education has published a variety of material to support municipalities to implement the new laws.
Regional adult VET, which is based on cooperation of several municipalities in adult VET, has expanded in recent years and reached its greatest extent in 2022. Regional adult VET is an important part to decrease unemployment and therefore the Government has continued to invest in it and provided for 2022 a budget of 1 540 million SEK (around EUR 146.25 million).
In 2023, the Swedish National Agency for Education continues to support municipalities to implement the new laws.
In 2024, Sweden is still in a recession and unemployment is the highest in ten years excluding the pandemic. In the budget bill for 2025, the government has decided several initiatives to combat unemployment. For instance, 11 000 additional annual study places will be added to regional vocational adult education.
Bodies responsible
- National Agency for Education
- Ministry of Education and Research
Target groups
Learners
- Young people (15-29 years old)
- Learners with migrant background, including refugees
- Learners with disabilities
- Adult learners
- Older workers and employees (55 - 64 years old)
- Unemployed and jobseekers
- Low-skilled/qualified persons
Thematic categories
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
VET standards and curricula define the content and outcomes of learning, most often at national or sectoral levels. VET programmes are based on standards and curricula and refer to specific vocations/occupations. They all need to be regularly reviewed, updated and aligned with the needs of the labour market and society. They need to include a balanced mix of vocational and technical skills corresponding to economic cycles, evolving jobs and working methods, and key competences, providing for resilience, lifelong learning, employability, social inclusion, active citizenship, sustainable awareness and personal development (Council of the European Union, 2020). The thematic sub-category also refers to establishing new VET programmes, reducing their number or discontinuing some. It also includes design of CVET programmes and training courses to adapt to labour market, sectoral or individual up- and re-skilling needs.
Supporting lifelong learning culture and increasing participation
Lifelong learning refers to all learning (formal, non-formal or informal) taking place at all stages in life and resulting in an improvement or update in knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes or in participation in society from a personal, civic, cultural, social or employment-related perspective (Erasmus+, Glossary of terms, https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms). A systemic approach to CVET is crucial to ensure adaptability to evolving demands.
This broad thematic category looks at ways of creating opportunities and ensuring access to re-skilling and upskilling pathways, allowing individuals to progress smoothly in their learning throughout their lives with better permeability between general and vocational education and training, and better integration and compatibility between initial and continuing VET and with higher education. Individuals should be supported in acquiring and updating their skills and competences and navigating easily through education and training systems. Strategies and campaigns that promote VET and LLL as an attractive and high-quality pathway, providing quality lifelong guidance and tailored support to design learning and career paths, and various incentives (financial and non-financial) to attract and support participation in VET and LLL fall into this thematic category as well.
This thematic category also includes many initiatives on making VET inclusive and ensuring equal education and training opportunities for various groups of learners, regardless of their personal and economic background and place of residence – especially those at risk of disadvantage or exclusion, such as persons with disabilities, the low-skilled and low-qualified, minorities, migrants, refugees and others.
This thematic sub-category refers to providing the possibility for individuals who are already in the labour market/in employment to reskill and/or acquire higher levels of skills, and to ensuring targeted information resources on the benefits of CVET and lifelong learning. It also covers the availability of CVET programmes adaptable to labour market, sectoral or individual up- and reskilling needs. The sub-category includes working with respective stakeholders to develop digital learning solutions supporting access to CVET opportunities and awarding CVET credentials and certificates.
This thematic sub-category refers to making VET pathways and programmes inclusive and accessible for all. It concerns measures and targeted actions to increase access and participation in VET and lifelong learning for learners from all vulnerable groups, and to support their school/training-to-work transitions. It includes measures to prevent early leaving from education and training. The thematic sub-category covers measures promoting gender balance in traditionally ‘male’ and ‘female’ professions and addressing gender-related and other stereotypes. The vulnerable groups are, but not limited to: persons with disabilities; the low-qualified/-skilled; minorities; persons of migrant background, including refugees; people with fewer opportunities due to their geographical location and/or their socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances.
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Opening up municipal adult education: Sweden. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28533