- 2017Approved/Agreed
- 2018Implementation
- 2019Completed
Description
As part of the 2018 reform the Ministry of Education confirmed in February 2017 the restructuring of vocational qualifications as of January 2019. The number of vocational qualifications has decreased from 351 to 164 (43 vocational qualifications, 65 further vocational qualifications and 56 specialist vocational qualifications). The new qualification structure, which is composed of broader qualifications, helps individual learners better organise their competence development in a more flexible way and in line with the changing demands of working life.
The restructuring was completed in 2019, setting up 42 vocational qualifications, 64 further vocational qualifications and 55 specialist vocational qualifications.
Bodies responsible
- Ministry of Education and Culture
Target groups
Learners
- Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
- Adult learners
Entities providing VET
- VET providers (all kinds)
Thematic categories
Transparency and portability of VET skills and qualifications
European principles and tools, such as EQF, ESCO, ECTS, Europass and ECVET, provide a strong basis for transparency and portability of national and sectoral qualifications across Europe, including the issuing of digital diplomas and certificates.
This thematic category looks at how individuals are supported in transferring, accumulating, and validating skills and competences acquired in formal, non-formal and informal settings – including learning on the job – and in having their learning recognised towards a qualification at any point of their lives. This is only possible if qualifications are transparent and comparable and are part of comprehensive national qualifications frameworks. Availability of qualifications smaller than full and acquirable in shorter periods of time is necessary; some countries have recently worked on developing partial qualifications, microcredentials, etc.
This thematic sub-category concerns all developments related to national qualification frameworks (NQFs). As in most countries NQFs are in place and referenced to the European qualifications framework (EQF), the thematic sub-category covers updating and expanding the frameworks, developing new qualifications and using NQFs as catalysts for other reforms.
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Reforming the qualifications structure: Finland. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28206