Training fund
Definition and description
A training fund ‘is a dedicated stock or flow of financing outside normal government budgetary channels for the purpose of developing productive skills for work.’[1] (Johanson, 2009, p. 3).
Training funds in the EU are very heterogeneous. The differences concern the objectives, governance models (bipartite or tripartite nature), the level of operation, the number of funds established per country, the type of (education and training) activities and target groups supported, and the way the money is collected and redistributed.
Training funds may be created voluntarily and managed by social partners, as part of collective agreements at sectoral level (e.g. Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands). In some countries, this may result in a high number of training funds covering the majority of economic sectors (e.g. approx. 100 training funds in the Netherlands), whereas in other countries, training funds may be present only in a few, particular sectors (e.g. Germany, Luxembourg). Finally, some countries opt to create a single national training fund, governed by the State, often in partnership with social partners (e.g. Cyprus, Ireland, Spain).
Beyond these two basic types of trainings funds (national and sectoral), other solutions can be found among EU countries. For example, the so-called inter-professional funds for CVT in Italy are linked to a particular sub-field of the economy or a particular occupational or professional field or size of the company. The funds, therefore, do not correspond to established economic sectors and their particular industrial relations (e.g. with regard to wage bargaining). In France, the level of levy is set at natonal level, however, funds are distributed through OPCO organisations operating at sectoral level.
Training funds source their income mainly as compulsory training levy on company payroll. However, there can be also other, additional sources, e.g. national/regional government own resources collected via general taxation, EU funds (ESF), interest, donations or voluntary contributions.
Training funds typically collect financial resources from all companies in the economy or sector (or from companies and employees), irrespectively of the levels of their training investment, and redistribute the collected funds back to companies for training purposes (‘levy-grant’ mechanisms). Alternatively, training funds collect financial resources only from the companies which do not meet a predefined minimum level of training activity/contribution (‘train or pay’, ‘levy exemption’ mechanism) and create training opportunities with the means collected.
The collected funds (dedicated budget for training covering IVET, CVET or both) may be used in the following forms:
- Demand-side funding arrangements where companies (and sometimes individual workers) enjoy a contribution to the costs of training stemming from the funds collected by the levy. Grants received can either be limited to a certain share of the levy payments made (‘cost reimbursement’) or exceed the levy contributions made (‘cost redistribution’)
- Supply-side funding arrangements, supporting dedicated training organisations (public institutions, institutions run by employer associations or/and trade-unions) or providing funds for the provision of specific training programmes. Companies (and employees) profit from training provision requiring no or low fees available based on the contributions collected.
Training funds maybe also support training by providing various training-related services, e.g. advisory/consulting services for employers, research on skill needs, development of pilot, novel training projects, mediation between employers and jobseekers.
Beyond remaining a mere funding arrangement, training funds often develop into multifaceted organisations with a staff of dedicated experts which resume a key role in the governance, foresight, quality assurance and provision of CVET. Training funds may run significant training facilities of their own.
Training funds may have a single purpose, but most have multiple objectives, such as: pooling the resources for training from various sources, distributing the costs of training between employers and employees, building training capacities, increasing the volume of company training, avoiding the free-rider problem[2], ensuring access to training for disadvantaged groups or developing competitive training markets. Sectoral training funds are usually set up to respond to specific sectoral training needs.
Training funds are among the oldest funding instruments supporting training/adult learning. They were established in the 1960s and 1970s in many countries. While some countries have discontinued their schemes, others have introduced training funds in the past decade.
It should be noted, that in some countries there are organisations named ‘Training Funds’, however, which are funded based on general taxes or social security contributions (including unemployment insurance) and a discretionary decision on the size of the budget to be allocated to these organisations. While these organisations often provide type of activities and support similar to those provided by the funds based on training-specific levies, they are not considered as training funds according to the approach adopted by Cedefop
While the proposed definition for a training fund requires that a specific levy on companies is collected and resulting funds are devoted to training, in various countries, the are organisations named ‘Training Funds’, however, which are funded based on general taxes or social security contributions (including unemployment insurance), based on a discretionary decision on the size of the budget to be allocated to these organisations. While these organisations often provide type of activities and support similar to thse provided by training funds based ontraining-specific levies, the y are not considered as training funds according to the approach adopted by Cedefop and therefore are not included in the database[3] (although their support schemes, e.g. the grants, are included in the database, under the respective section). Moreover, there are borderline cases as in the case of Hungary, where a training levy is collected from companies, however, the collected funds are used for a broad range of activities and a budget for the support of training activity is earmarked based on a discretionary decision only. Finally, contributions for education and training may be collected as part of the unemployment insurance system (e.g. in Austria or Germany), however, funds made available for training still rests on a discretionary decision.
Furthermore, when taking a cross-country comparative view, it is important to consider that in various countries, the support for continuous training for the employed (and not only the unemployed or the inactive) and therefore demand-side support schemes targeting companies or employees is defined as one responsibility of the Public Employment Service (PES). The PES might be entitled to use means stemming from the unemployment insurance contributions of employers and employees for supporting training of the employed. Occasionally, a ‘surcharge’ of the payroll based contribution to the unemployment insurance had been implemented to extend the leeway of funding training for the employed. In countries with such a tradition, as for example Austria, the PES become a key actor in both supply-side and demand-side funding approaches for CVT, although the contributions made by employers and employees via their unemployment insurance payments are less visible than in cases, where contributions are made to a dedicated training fund.
[1] Johanson, Richard. (2009). A review of national training funds World Bank http://siteresources. worldbank. org/SOCIALPROTECTION/Resources/SP-Discussion-papers/Labor-Market-DP/0922. pdf: World Bank., 3
[2] When a company does not provide training yet poaches workers trained by another company.
[3] although their support schemes, e.g. the grants provided, are included in the data base, under the dedicated headings
Key features and statistics
ID | Country | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Level of operation | Importance of training funds within the adult learning/skill formation system | Disbursement to companies/ individuals | Level of obligation to participate in the training fund | Collection from employer/ employee | State funds in addition | EU funds in addition | Level of levy (lower bound) | Level of levy (higher bound) | Train or pay |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AT | Sozial- und Weiterbildungsfonds der Arbeitskräfteüberlassung Österreichs | Social and further training fund for temporary work Austria | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 0.35% | 0.35% | No |
20 | BE | Paritair Opleidingsfonds voor Elektriciens | Training fund for electricians (EN) | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Companies only | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | 0.75% | 0.75% | No |
34 | CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 0.50% | 0.50% | No |
48 | DE | Weiterbildungsfonds der Gerüstbauer | Training fund in scaffolding sector | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Other (in most cases reimbursement goes directly to training providers) | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | 2.50% | 2.50% | No |
58 | DK | Industriens Kompetenceudviklingsfond (IKUF) | The Industry Competence Development Fund | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | EUR 70 per employee per year | EUR 70 per employee per year | No |
59 | DK | Bygge- og Anlęgsbranchens Udviklingsfond | Building and Construction Development Fund | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | EUR 70 per employee per year | EUR 70 per employee per year | No |
60 | DK | Arbejdsgivernes Uddannelsesbidrag (AUB) | Employers' Reimbursement System | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | Yes | No | EUR 373 per employee per year | EUR 373 per employee per year | No |
73 | EL | Λογαριασμός για την Απασχόληση και την Επαγγελματική Κατάρτιση (ΛΑΕΚ) | Account for employment and vocational training (LAEK) | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 0.24% | 0.24% | No |
75 | ES | Fundación Estatal para la Formación en el Empleo (Fundae) | State Foundation for Training in Employment (Fundae) | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer and employee | Yes | Yes | 0.70% | 0.70% | No |
76 | ES | Fundación Laboral de la Construcción | Labour Foundation for Construction | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Individuals | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | Yes | Yes | 0.35% | 0.35% | No |
86 | FR | Contribution à la formation professionnelle continue | Contribution to the continuing vocational training | National, Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 0.55% | 1% | No |
87 | FR | Taxe d'apprentissage | Apprenticeship tax | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 0.44% | 1.28% | No |
109 | IE | National Training Fund | National Training Fund | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | Yes | 0.70% | 0.70% | No |
139 | LU | Institut de formation sectoriel du batiment (IFSB) | Institute for training in construction sector | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Companies | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | Yes | 0.65% | 0.65% | No |
140 | LU | Fonds de formation sectoriel pour l'interim (FSI) | Sectoral training fund for temporary work | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Companies | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | 0.60% | 0.60% | No |
141 | LU | House of Training | House of Training | Sectoral | Complementary (specialized) role | Companies | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | 1.50% | 1.50% | No |
161 | NL | Opleiding Ontwikkeling Metaalbewerking (OOM) | Advice, training and Development Metal Processing | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | Yes | Yes | 0.625% | 0.625% | No |
162 | NL | Stichting Opleiding & Ontwikkeling Flexbranche (Doorzaam) | Training and development fund for temporary work agency sector | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies and individuals | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | Yes | Yes | 0.20% | 0.20% | No |
207 | UK | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Employer | No | No | 0.5% of employee payroll and 1.5% of sub-contractor payroll | 0.5% of employee payroll and 1.5% of sub-contractor payroll | No |
208 | UK | ECITB levy-grant scheme | ECITB levy-grant scheme | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Compulsory (by law) | Employer | No | No | 1.2% of the total payments to employees and labour-only contractors | 1.2% of the total payments to employees and labour-only contractors | No |
276 | DK | Den statslige kompetencefond | State Sector Competence Fund | Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Individuals | Compulsory (by social partner agreement) | Other (State) | Yes | No | Not applicable | Not applicable | No |
322 | UK | Flexible Workforce Development Fund | Flexible Workforce Development Fund | Part of the country | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Voluntary | Employer | No | No | 0.50% | 0.50% | No |
323 | UK | High End Skills Investment Fund | High End Skills Investment Fund + Film Skills Investment Fund | National, Sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Individuals | Voluntary | Employer | No | No | 0.50% | 0.50% | No |
326 | UK | [Based on the 'Apprenticeship levy] - Adult Education Budget | Adult Education Budget | Regional | Key (systemic) role | Individuals | Voluntary | Other (State) | Yes | No | Not applicable | Not applicable | No |
386 | IT | Fondo Artigianato Formazione (Fondartigianato) | Training Craft Fund | National, sectoral | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Voluntary | Employer | Yes | No | 0.30% | 0.30% | No |
387 | IT | Fondo Formazione Piccole Medie Imprese (PMI) (FAPI) | Interprofessional Fund for the SME sector | National | Key (systemic) role | Companies | Voluntary | Employer | No | No | 0.30% | 0.30% | No |
Country | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Principle of disbursement | Co-funding of eligible costs (lower bound) | Co-funding of eligible costs (higher bound) | Co-funding rate for specific target groups | Maximum amount set (EUR) | Minimum amount set (EUR)) | Reuse | Recipient of the payment | Timing of the payment | De Minimis | Eligible group(s) | Preferential treatment options established | Personnel absence costs/ wage costs during training covered | Education and training eligible |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | Μονοεπιχειρησιακά Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο | Single-Company Training Programmes in Cyprus | Other | 80.0% | 80.0% | No | No (other than de minimis rules) | No | No limitation for reuse | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | Universal | No | Yes | Work-related only |
CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | Μονοεπιχειρησιακά Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στο Εξωτερικό | Single Company Training Programmes Abroad | Other | 80.0% | 80.0% | No | No | No | Other | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | Universal | No | Yes | General |
CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | Συνήθη και Ζωτικής Σημασία Πολυεπιχειρησιακά Προγράμματα | Standard and High-Priority Multi-Company Training Programmes | Other | 80.0% | 80.0% | No | No | No | No limitation for reuse | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | Universal | No | No | Work-related only |
DK | Bygge- og Anlęgsbranchens Udviklingsfond | Building and Construction Development Fund | Bygge og Anlægsbranchens kompetencefond | Building and Construction Development Fund | All companies that apply | DKK 55 (approx. EUR 7 / hour) | DKK 55 (approx. EUR 7 / hour | No | No | No | Use once in each calendar year | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | No | Sectoral | Not available | Yes | General |
DK | Arbejdsgivernes Uddannelsesbidrag (AUB) | Employers' Reimbursement System | Lønrefusion | Wage compensation | All companies that apply | DKK 2 800 (approx. EUR 375) | DKK 5 240 (approx. EUR 701) | No | No | No | No limitation for reuse | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | Universal | Not available | Yes | General |
EL | Λογαριασμός για την Απασχόληση και την Επαγγελματική Κατάρτιση (ΛΑΕΚ) | Account for employment and vocational training (LAEK) | Πρόγραμμα επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης και εκπαίδευσης υλοποιούμενο από φορείς εκπροσώπησης εργοδοτών για εργαζόμενους σε μικρές επιχειρήσεις (LAEK 1-49) | Vocational training and education programme implemented by employers' representative bodies for employees in small enterprises | Other | Not available | Not available | No | No | No | No reuse | Other | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | MSMEs only | No | No | General |
ES | Fundación Estatal para la Formación en el Empleo (Fundae) | State Foundation for Training in Employment (Fundae) | Formación programada por las empresas para sus trabajadores | Training planned by companies for their workers | All companies that apply | 60.0% | 100.0% | Varies depending on company size/social security contributions | Depends on company size/social security contributions paid | No | Use once in each calendar year | Other | Reimbursement of the costs | No | Universal | No | No | Work-related only |
FR | Contribution à la formation professionnelle continue | Contribution to the continuing vocational training | Actions de développement des compétences des entreprises de moins de 50 salariés | Skills development scheme for companies less than 50 employees | Other | Varies per sectoral agreement | Varies per sectoral agreement | No | Varies per sectoral agreement | No | No limitation for reuse | Employer | Not available | Yes | MSMEs only | Yes | No | General |
IE | National Training Fund | National Training Fund | Training Grants to Industry | Training Grants to Industry | Meeting a pre-determined criteria (through top-down procedures) | Varies per each application | Varies per each application | No | No | No | Other | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Yes | Universal | No | No | General |
NL | Opleiding Ontwikkeling Metaalbewerking (OOM) | Advice, training and Development Metal Processing | Leerwerkbijdrage | Work placement contribution | First come, first served basis | Fixed amounts per level | Fixed amounts per level | EUR 3 800 or EUR 2 300 per employee depending on the training route (max 5 employees) | EUR 3 800 or EUR 2 300 per employee depending on the training route (max 5 employees) | No | No reuse | Employer | Advance payment | Not available | Universal | No | No | General |
UK | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | 999NAP | 999NAP | GBP 50 per person per each full training day | GBP 50 per person per each full training day | No | No | No limitation for reuse | Employer | 999NAP | 999NAP | Sectoral | No | No | Work-related only |
Country | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Principle of disbursement | Co-funding of eligible costs (lower bound) | Co-funding of eligible costs (higher bound) | Co-funding rate for specific target groups | Maximum amount set (EUR) | Minimum amount set (EUR) | Reuse | Recipient of the payment | Timing of the payment | Eligible group(s) | Preferential treatment options established | Costs eligible | Education and training eligible |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης για τους Ανέργους | Training Programmes for the unemployed | Other | 80.0% | 80.0% | Depends on the mode of training provision | No | No | Other | Learner, Other | Other | Other | Yes | Broad range | Work-related only |
DK | Industriens Kompetenceudviklingsfond (IKUF) | The Industry Competence Development Fund | Industriens Kompetenceudviklingsfond (IKUF) | The Industry Competence Development Fund | Meeting a pre-determined criteria | 85% of lost wages for up to 10 days of work and 100% of course fees | 85% of lost wages for up to 10 days of work and 100% of course fees | No | No | No | Other | Learner | After the training is done and documentation has been sent. | Broad | No | Broad range | General |
ES | Fundación Laboral de la Construcción | Labour Foundation for Construction | Formación de Segundo ciclo en prevención de riesgos laborales para desempleados | Second cycle training on Prevention of Occupational risks for workers | First come, first served basis | 100.0% | 100.0% | No | No | No | Other | Training institution | Reimbursement of the costs | Broad | Yes | Broad range | General |
ES | Fundación Laboral de la Construcción | Labour Foundation for Construction | Formación online gratuita de corta duración | Free online short training | All individuals that apply | 100.0% | 100.0% | No | No | No | No limitation for reuse | Training institution, Other | Other | Broad | Yes | Narrow range | Work-related only |
FR | Contribution à la formation professionnelle continue | Contribution to the continuing vocational training | Compte Personnel de formation | Individual Learning Account | Other | EUR 500 / year for full-time employees; EUR 800 / year for low qualified employees | EUR 500 / year for full-time employees; EUR 800 / year for low qualified employees | Depends on several criteria | Rules vary across OPCO | No | No limitation for reuse | Training institution | Reimbursement of the costs | Universal | Yes | Broad range | General |
FR | Contribution à la formation professionnelle continue | Contribution to the continuing vocational training | PRO-A | PRO-A | Other | Varies according to the sectoral agreement, at least EUR 9,15 per hour | Varies according to the sectoral agreement | No | Variable according to the sectoral agreement | No | No limitation for reuse | Training institution | Reimbursement of the costs | Narrow | No | Broad range | General |
UK | [Based on the 'Apprenticeship levy] - Adult Education Budget | Adult Education Budget | Adult education budget | Adult education budget | Other (depending on the type of education and learner) | Varies depending on type of education | Varies depending on type of education | Co-funding rates are updating annually | No | No | No reuse | Employer | Reimbursement of the costs | Universal | No | Narrow range | General |
NL | Opleiding Ontwikkeling Metaalbewerking (OOM) | Advice, training and Development Metal Processing | Ervaringscertificaat | Certificate of Experience | 999NAP | 50.0% | 50.0% | The contribution can be requested for a maximum of 15 employees or 30% of the workforce. | EUR 750 | No | No reuse | Other | Reimbursement of the costs | Broad | No | Narrow range | General |
NL | Opleiding Ontwikkeling Metaalbewerking (OOM) | Advice, training and Development Metal Processing | Ontwikkelbudget | Development Budget | First come, first served basis | EUR 1 800 / per company | EUR 1 800 / per company | No | No | No | No reuse | Other | Advance payment | Other | No | Broad range | General |
DK | Den statslige kompetencefond | State Sector Competence Fund | Den statslige kompetence fond - Lęrernes Central Organisation | The State Sector Competence Fund - The Confederation of Teachers Unions | Meeting a pre-determined criteria (through top-down procedures) | DKK 25 000 (approx. EUR 3 345) per beneficiary, but amount can change depending on the training activity | DKK 25 000 (approx. EUR 3 345) per beneficiary, but amount can change depending on the training activity | Depends on the training activity, transportation costs, material and accommodation | EUR 3 345 / year | No | Other | Other | Reimbursement of the costs | Narrow | No | Broad range | General |
DK | Den statslige kompetencefond | State Sector Competence Fund | Den statslige kompetencefond - Akademikerne | The State Sector Competence Fund - The Danish Confederation of Professional Associations | Meeting a pre-determined criteria (through top-down procedures) | Varies depending on the type of education | Varies depending on the type of education | Up to DKK 50 000 DKK (approx. EUR 6 691) for a master degree, up to DKK 25 000 (approx. EUR 3 345) for non-official educations and training. | EUR 13 381 annually | No | No limitation for reuse | Other | Reimbursement of the costs | Narrow | Yes | Broad range | General |
UK | High End Skills Investment Fund | High End Skills Investment Fund + Film Skills Investment Fund | High end skills support | High end skills support | Other (Money is paid on receipt of a bursary application from an individual that is approved by the fund selection committee.) | Varies per each application | Varies per each application | Depends on type of training, applicant participating and the individual costs for the applicant. | No | No | Use once in each calendar year | Other | Other | Narrow | Yes | Broad range | General |
ID | Country | Name of the instrument - Local language | Name of the instrument - English translation | Year | Volume of funding (EUR) | Year | Number of beneficiaries (companies) | Year | Number of beneficiaries (individuals) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | AT | Sozial- und Weiterbildungsfonds der Arbeitskräfteüberlassung Österreichs | Social and further training fund for temporary work Austria | Average of years | About EUR 10 000 000 | Not available | Not available | Average of years | About 7 000 |
20 | BE | Paritair Opleidingsfonds voor Elektriciens | Training fund for electricians (EN) | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
34 | CY | Αρχή Ανάπτυξης Ανθρώπινου Δυναμικού Κύπρου - Προγράμματα Κατάρτισης στην Κύπρο & στο Εξωτερικό | Human Resource Development Authority of Cyprus (HRDA) - Training programmes in Cyprus and abroad | 2019 | EUR 33 437 993 | 2019 | 4 986 | 2019 | 59 453 |
48 | DE | Weiterbildungsfonds der Gerüstbauer | Training fund in scaffolding sector | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 1 194 |
58 | DK | Industriens Kompetenceudviklingsfond (IKUF) | The Industry Competence Development Fund | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
59 | DK | Bygge- og Anlęgsbranchens Udviklingsfond | Building and Construction Development Fund | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
60 | DK | Arbejdsgivernes Uddannelsesbidrag (AUB) | Employers' Reimbursement System | 2019 | Approx. EUR 806 130 000 | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 81 792 |
73 | EL | Λογαριασμός για την Απασχόληση και την Επαγγελματική Κατάρτιση (ΛΑΕΚ) | Account for employment and vocational training (LAEK) | 2019 | EUR 20 000 000 | 2018 | 33 (estimate) | 2018 | 67 460 |
75 | ES | Fundación Estatal para la Formación en el Empleo (Fundae) | State Foundation for Training in Employment (Fundae) | 2019 | EUR 2 414 494 180 | 2019 | 339 846 | 2019 | 4 625 362e |
76 | ES | Fundación Laboral de la Construcción | Labour Foundation for Construction | 2019 | EUR 73 531 160 | 2019 | 9 177 | 2019 | 94 858 |
86 | FR | Contribution à la formation professionnelle continue | Contribution to the continuing vocational training | 2019 | EUR 7 700 000 000 | Not available | Not available | 2018 | 1 643 824 |
87 | FR | Taxe d'apprentissage | Apprenticeship tax | 2018 | EUR 3 226 206 000 | Not available | Not available | 2020 | 495 000 |
109 | IE | National Training Fund | National Training Fund | 2019 | EUR 684 824 000 | Not available | Not available | 2018 | 185 688 |
139 | LU | Institut de formation sectoriel du batiment (IFSB) | Institute for training in construction sector | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 8 000 |
140 | LU | Fonds de formation sectoriel pour l'interim (FSI) | Sectoral training fund for temporary work | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | 2018 | 2 276 |
141 | LU | House of Training | House of Training | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 21 000 |
161 | NL | Opleiding Ontwikkeling Metaalbewerking (OOM) | Advice, training and Development Metal Processing | 2019 | EUR 34 133 000 | 2019 | 13 974 | 2019 | 155 362e |
162 | NL | Stichting Opleiding & Ontwikkeling Flexbranche (Doorzaam) | Training and development fund for temporary work agency sector | 2020 | EUR 7 473 200 | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 10 000 |
207 | UK | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | Construction Industry Training Board/ Construction Skills levy-grant scheme | 2018 | Approx. EUR 211 701 000 | 2018 | 16 121 | 2018 | 63 866e |
208 | UK | ECITB levy-grant scheme | ECITB levy-grant scheme | 2019 | Approx. EUR 27 861 000 | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
276 | DK | Den statslige kompetencefond | State Sector Competence Fund | 2019-2021 | Approx. EUR 23 057 000 | Not available | Not available | 2019 | 2 125 |
322 | UK | Flexible Workforce Development Fund | Flexible Workforce Development Fund | 2019 | Approx. EUR 11 740 000 | 2018 | 23 965 | 2018 | 23 965 |
323 | UK | High End Skills Investment Fund | High End Skills Investment Fund + Film Skills Investment Fund | 2018 | HETV: Approx. EUR 182 000; FISF: Approx. EUR 286 000 | Not available | Not available | Not available | HETV: 107; FISF: 157 |
326 | UK | [Based on the 'Apprenticeship levy] - Adult Education Budget | Adult Education Budget | 2020 | Approx. EUR 1 149 000 | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
386 | IT | Fondo Artigianato Formazione (Fondartigianato) | Training Craft Fund | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |
387 | IT | Fondo Formazione Piccole Medie Imprese (PMI) (FAPI) | Interprofessional Fund for the SME sector | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not available |