The role of NGOs in up- and reskilling

It highlights how NGOs provide tailored, flexible educational solutions that address the needs of vulnerable populations, including migrants, refugees, and people not in employment, education, or training (NEETs). The study emphasises the importance of European Social Fund (ESF+) in supporting these initiatives, enabling NGOs to scale operations and innovate. Case studies from each country illustrate successful NGO-led projects, showcasing their impact on workforce inclusion and social cohesion. The document concludes with recommendations for enhancing NGO involvement in VET and adult learning through improved funding mechanisms, policy alignment, and capacity building.