- 2021Approved/Agreed
- 2022Implementation
- 2023Implementation
- 2024Implementation
Background
XR stands for extended reality and is used today to denote the entire continuum between physical reality and the digital universe, with all its intermediate forms. Within extended reality, three major technologies can be distinguished: augmented (AR), mixed (MR) and virtual reality (VR).
From the observed need for professionalisation of teachers regarding innovation in labour market-oriented training with extended reality is a need, we want to focus on the professionalisation and further expansion of these technologies to support learning effects in technical and vocational secondary education. To realise this, an XR-action plan was developed.
Objectives
The XR action plan pursues the following objectives:
- providing XR materials (hardware and software) for all secondary VET schools with a low-threshold access;
- increasing the professionalisation of teaching staff regarding XR use and XR applications;
- increasing knowledge about XR for all Flemish schools.
With the InnoVET XR projects we also want to create a broader basis for innovative XR use in the five provinces and build new innovative digital material (software, apps) that can be used by all teachers in technical and vocational education. This creates win-win situations from which all schools and companies in Flanders can benefit.
Description
The XR action plan was concretised into four closely-intertwined actions:
Action 1. Practice-oriented research: an innovation can only be sustainably embedded if it can rely on (scientific) evidence about its effectiveness. Does this innovation actually contribute to achieving a certain objective? But also: what works in day-to-day educational practice and in what circumstances/with what support? Additional scientific research is also needed for XR in general. It is a living theme, constantly changing and evolving.
Action 2. Hardware: surveys show that schools see opportunities in a lending service that, in addition to hardware, also offers prospects for substantive support and in-service training, and relieves schools of their own purchases and maintenance.
Action 3. Software: without software, hardware and in-service training is meaningless. To ensure that there is sufficient, and correct software to enrich the hardware of the lending service, efforts will also be made on software. To this end, an inventory is being made and also project work is being done. Two objectives are paramount: sustainability of existing software projects (which are not always geared to education) and new software projects.
Action 4. Support and in-service training: providing hardware and software is an important part of the XR story, but it is only one element in the whole. How to handle it, and how to implement it in a sustainable way, should also...
The XR action plan was concretised into four closely-intertwined actions:
Action 1. Practice-oriented research: an innovation can only be sustainably embedded if it can rely on (scientific) evidence about its effectiveness. Does this innovation actually contribute to achieving a certain objective? But also: what works in day-to-day educational practice and in what circumstances/with what support? Additional scientific research is also needed for XR in general. It is a living theme, constantly changing and evolving.
Action 2. Hardware: surveys show that schools see opportunities in a lending service that, in addition to hardware, also offers prospects for substantive support and in-service training, and relieves schools of their own purchases and maintenance.
Action 3. Software: without software, hardware and in-service training is meaningless. To ensure that there is sufficient, and correct software to enrich the hardware of the lending service, efforts will also be made on software. To this end, an inventory is being made and also project work is being done. Two objectives are paramount: sustainability of existing software projects (which are not always geared to education) and new software projects.
Action 4. Support and in-service training: providing hardware and software is an important part of the XR story, but it is only one element in the whole. How to handle it, and how to implement it in a sustainable way, should also be encouraged. We provide in-service training and professionalisation around XR through an XR Academy and an XR Learning Network.
The XR action plan was adopted by the Flemish Government in May 2021.
In 2022, the four actions started to be implemented under the management of different partners.
In 2023, XR material was deployed and could be loaned out. As a continuation of the implementation phase, schools can now loan out XR material through the Regional Technological Centres. They can use this XR material for educational purposes and after having followed a course on XR.
Continuous professional development actions: 'train the trainer' courses were set up, where ICT coordinators and teachers of schools were trained in how to use XR material. Following such a course is a prerequisite to be able to loan out XR material.
Lending service: An XR lending service was set up by the Department and the coordination given to the Regional Technological Centres.
A 'Learning Network' of XR professionals and researchers was established. This network will carry out practice-oriented research within XR, and will conduct an evaluation of XR in education to improve its effectiveness.
The Flemish government freed up additional financial resources to boost the XR action plan in the coming years. In 2024 the first steps are taken to outline a new XR plan from 2025 to 2029.
Bodies responsible
- Flemish Department of Education and Training
Target groups
Learners
- Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
Education professionals
- Teachers
Entities providing VET
- Companies
- VET providers (all kinds)
Thematic categories
Modernising VET infrastructure
This thematic category looks at how VET schools and companies providing VET are supported to update and upgrade their physical infrastructure for teaching and learning, including digital and green technologies, so that learners in all VET programmes and specialities have access to state-of-the-art equipment and are able to acquire relevant and up-to-date vocational and technical skills and competences. Modernising infrastructure in remote and rural areas increases the inclusiveness of VET and LLL.
This thematic sub-category focuses on establishing and upgrading to state-of-the-art digital infrastructure, equipment and technology, such as computers, hardware, connectivity and good broadband speed that should ensure quality and inclusive VET provision, especially in blended and virtual modes. It also includes specific measures to remove the digital divide, e.g. supporting geographically remote or rural areas to ensure social inclusion through access to such infrastructure for learning and teaching. It also includes support measures for learners from socially disadvantaged backgrounds to acquire the necessary equipment.
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
This thematic sub-category is about the way learners learn, how the learning is delivered to them, and by what means. Programmes become more accessible through a combination of adaptable and flexible formats (e.g. face-to-face, digital and/or blended learning), through digital learning platforms that allow better outreach, especially for vulnerable groups and for learners in geographically remote or rural areas.
This thematic sub-category focuses on developing and updating all kinds of learning resources and materials, both for learners and for teachers and trainers (e.g. teachers handbooks or manuals), to embrace current and evolving content and modes of learning. These activities target all kinds of formats: hard copy and digital publications, learning websites and platforms, tools for learner self-assessment of progress, ICT-based simulators, virtual and augmented reality, etc.
Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences
Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.
This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.
The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.
This thematic sub-category is in line with the EU policy focus on the digital transition, and refers to professional development and other measures to prepare and support teachers and trainers in teaching their learners digital skills and competences. It also covers measures and support for them to increase their own digital skills and competences, including for teaching in virtual environments, working with digital tools and applying digital pedagogies. Emergency measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic also fall into this sub-category.
European priorities in VET
VET Recommendation
- VET agile in adapting to labour market challenges
- VET as a driver for innovation and growth preparing for digital and green transitions and occupations in high demand
- VET as an attractive choice based on modern and digitalised provision of training and skills
Osnabrück Declaration
- Resilience and excellence through quality, inclusive and flexible VET
- Establishing a new lifelong learning culture - relevance of continuing VET and digitalisation
- Sustainability - a green link in VET
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Action plan extended reality: Belgium-FL. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/43800