- 2020Implementation
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Discontinued
Background
With the COVID-19 outbreak, Slovenian schools faced an unprecedented situation of having to organise distance learning with little or no time for preparation. Decisions on how to enable students and apprentices to continue learning and how to proceed with vocational Matura and final exam had to be made. Working with students from vulnerable groups is also a challenge. To offer guidance and support for a positive outcome on these, the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, together with the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for VET and both chambers, prepared a set of interventions and guidelines.
Objectives
To enable the students to complete the school year 2020/21, despite the COVID-19 outbreak, and provide support to distance learning.
Description
From 16 March 2020, all education institutions in Slovenia were temporarily closed until further notice, by government order for the purpose of the COVID-19 infection control. All students, including VET, had to stop attending classes at schools and stop living in dormitories. VET students, including apprentices, also had to interrupt their training in companies. Additionally, from 30 March 2020, government prohibition of movement outside the municipality of permanent or temporary residence was in place.
The reopening of education institutions depended on the health situation in the country. Upper-secondary schools were supposed to reopen for final year students on 18 May 2020 in order to prepare for, and participate in, final exam and Matura.
The calendars for the final exam and vocational Matura were adjusted but the final dates of the school year remained the same. Competent institutions like the National Examinations Institute, the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for VET and the chambers, together with the Ministry of education, were preparing an adaptation of the exam regulations and specific subjects' exams guidelines.
Exams for the purpose of obtaining national vocational qualifications were temporarily suspended.
All upper-secondary schools, including vocational schools, organised distance learning and on-line classes from the first day of the school closure. Teachers used different communication means, including...
From 16 March 2020, all education institutions in Slovenia were temporarily closed until further notice, by government order for the purpose of the COVID-19 infection control. All students, including VET, had to stop attending classes at schools and stop living in dormitories. VET students, including apprentices, also had to interrupt their training in companies. Additionally, from 30 March 2020, government prohibition of movement outside the municipality of permanent or temporary residence was in place.
The reopening of education institutions depended on the health situation in the country. Upper-secondary schools were supposed to reopen for final year students on 18 May 2020 in order to prepare for, and participate in, final exam and Matura.
The calendars for the final exam and vocational Matura were adjusted but the final dates of the school year remained the same. Competent institutions like the National Examinations Institute, the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for VET and the chambers, together with the Ministry of education, were preparing an adaptation of the exam regulations and specific subjects' exams guidelines.
Exams for the purpose of obtaining national vocational qualifications were temporarily suspended.
All upper-secondary schools, including vocational schools, organised distance learning and on-line classes from the first day of the school closure. Teachers used different communication means, including e-mails, Moodle, on-line classes, and various video conference systems, such as MS Teams and Zoom. Apprentices also had to follow distance learning classes organised by their schools. Usually, schools included apprentices in groups of students following the school-based pathway. In some cases, in-company trainers participated in distance learning. Some schools organised separate on-line classes for apprentices. The extension of the school year was not planned in Slovenia and the extension of the training period in companies was not foreseen either. The Act determining the intervention measures to contain the COVID-19 epidemic and mitigate its consequences for citizens and the economy stipulated that final year students who were unable to continue work-based learning (WBL) in school or at an employer were considered to have completed WBL if they had received positive grades in vocational modules. The students were able to participate in distance learning and prepare for the final examination or vocational Matura.
If WBL was scheduled to begin at the end of the school year, it would still possible for first- and second-year students to begin their training, the situation at the time permitting. Schools were recommended to be flexible and, as a last resort, consider WBL as finished on the basis of the existing grades.
The Ministry of Education and the Institute of the RS for VET prepared guidelines to support distance learning and assessment as well as instructions for final examinations. Special attention was given to supporting distance learning for apprentices and for teachers working with students from vulnerable groups.
With the improved epidemic situation, kindergarten and school students gradually started to return to school on 18 May 2020. Apart from some exceptions, such as final-year students, most upper secondary students continued distance education until 24 June when the students went to school to receive their certificates.
In May 2020, the Act determining the intervention measures to mitigate and remedy the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic was adopted. It allowed extension of deadlines to enrol in higher education institutions and consideration of the extreme circumstances in the procedure of obtaining and maintaining the right to scholarship.
In July 2020, the National Education Institute published the results of the study 'Distance education in COVID-19 epidemic times in Slovenia', conducted in May and June 2020 to analyse various practices of distance education. The research included the experience of distance teaching and learning, organisation and implementation of instruction, use of digital technology, realisation of learning objectives, didactic strategies and methods of distance teaching, assessment of knowledge, self-evaluation of skills to implement distance teaching, benefits and challenges, as well as cooperation with different stakeholders.
In July 2020, the Act on intervention measures to prepare for the second wave of COVID-19 was adopted. It amended the provisions of the Scholarship Act in reference to reimbursing employers the joint company scholarships, and to obligations to offer employment to students receiving scholarship.
At the end of August 2020, the public institutions conducted training to support kindergarten and school teachers, head teachers and other education staff in their endeavours to make distance learning work.
In the school year 2020/21, the education activities in kindergartens, basic schools, upper secondary schools started on 1 September, as usual and according to the B model (all go to school). The Ministry of Education, the National Education Institute and National Institute of Public Health prepared a publication, 'Education in the Republic of Slovenia relevant to COVID-19'. Four possible models of instruction and relevant recommendations were introduced, to answer questions on how schools can plan and implement educational activities.
In October 2020, schools were closed again. First from 19 till 23 October for upper secondary, music and primary school (Grades 6-9). On 26 October 2020, distance education began for all levels.
In the school year 2020/21, distance education continued for upper secondary students from October 2020 to 15 February 2021. Then the students took turns in distance learning in 2-week shifts until 17 May 2021; final year students were exempted from this. From 1 April till 11 April 2021, it was distance learning for all students again. As differences in the levels of knowledge between the students increased, exacerbated by the declining social conditions, adjustments were made to Vocational matura 2021 and to the number of grades necessary for successfully finishing the school year. The responsible authorities issued a manual, School year 2021/22 in the Republic of Slovenia in the COVID-19 related conditions: models and recommendations.
Measures in response to the COVID-19 crisis have been discontinued.
Bodies responsible
- Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities (MDDSZ)
- Ministry of Education, Science and Sport (MIZŠ) (until 2023)
- Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Vocational Education and Training (CPI)
- National Examinations Centre (RIC)
Target groups
Learners
- Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
Education professionals
- Teachers
Entities providing VET
- VET providers (all kinds)
Thematic categories
Modernising VET infrastructure
This thematic category looks at how VET schools and companies providing VET are supported to update and upgrade their physical infrastructure for teaching and learning, including digital and green technologies, so that learners in all VET programmes and specialities have access to state-of-the-art equipment and are able to acquire relevant and up-to-date vocational and technical skills and competences. Modernising infrastructure in remote and rural areas increases the inclusiveness of VET and LLL.
This thematic sub-category refers to measures for modernising physical infrastructure, equipment and technology needed to acquire vocational skills in VET schools and institutions that provide CVET or adult learning, including VET school workshops and labs.
This thematic sub-category focuses on establishing and upgrading to state-of-the-art digital infrastructure, equipment and technology, such as computers, hardware, connectivity and good broadband speed that should ensure quality and inclusive VET provision, especially in blended and virtual modes. It also includes specific measures to remove the digital divide, e.g. supporting geographically remote or rural areas to ensure social inclusion through access to such infrastructure for learning and teaching. It also includes support measures for learners from socially disadvantaged backgrounds to acquire the necessary equipment.
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
This thematic sub-category is about the way learners learn, how the learning is delivered to them, and by what means. Programmes become more accessible through a combination of adaptable and flexible formats (e.g. face-to-face, digital and/or blended learning), through digital learning platforms that allow better outreach, especially for vulnerable groups and for learners in geographically remote or rural areas.
Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences
Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.
This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.
The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.
This thematic sub-category is in line with the EU policy focus on the digital transition, and refers to professional development and other measures to prepare and support teachers and trainers in teaching their learners digital skills and competences. It also covers measures and support for them to increase their own digital skills and competences, including for teaching in virtual environments, working with digital tools and applying digital pedagogies. Emergency measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic also fall into this sub-category.
Supporting lifelong learning culture and increasing participation
Lifelong learning refers to all learning (formal, non-formal or informal) taking place at all stages in life and resulting in an improvement or update in knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes or in participation in society from a personal, civic, cultural, social or employment-related perspective (Erasmus+, Glossary of terms, https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms). A systemic approach to CVET is crucial to ensure adaptability to evolving demands.
This broad thematic category looks at ways of creating opportunities and ensuring access to re-skilling and upskilling pathways, allowing individuals to progress smoothly in their learning throughout their lives with better permeability between general and vocational education and training, and better integration and compatibility between initial and continuing VET and with higher education. Individuals should be supported in acquiring and updating their skills and competences and navigating easily through education and training systems. Strategies and campaigns that promote VET and LLL as an attractive and high-quality pathway, providing quality lifelong guidance and tailored support to design learning and career paths, and various incentives (financial and non-financial) to attract and support participation in VET and LLL fall into this thematic category as well.
This thematic category also includes many initiatives on making VET inclusive and ensuring equal education and training opportunities for various groups of learners, regardless of their personal and economic background and place of residence – especially those at risk of disadvantage or exclusion, such as persons with disabilities, the low-skilled and low-qualified, minorities, migrants, refugees and others.
This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of incentives that encourage learners to take part in VET and lifelong learning; VET providers to improve, broaden and update their offer; companies to provide places for apprenticeship and work-based learning, and to stimulate and support learning of their employees. It also includes measures addressing specific challenges of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) willing to create work-based learning opportunities in different sectors. Incentives can be financial (e.g. grants, allowances, tax incentives, levy/grant mechanisms, vouchers, training credits, individual learning accounts) and non-financial (e.g. information/advice on funding opportunities, technical support, mentoring).
This thematic sub-category refers to making VET pathways and programmes inclusive and accessible for all. It concerns measures and targeted actions to increase access and participation in VET and lifelong learning for learners from all vulnerable groups, and to support their school/training-to-work transitions. It includes measures to prevent early leaving from education and training. The thematic sub-category covers measures promoting gender balance in traditionally ‘male’ and ‘female’ professions and addressing gender-related and other stereotypes. The vulnerable groups are, but not limited to: persons with disabilities; the low-qualified/-skilled; minorities; persons of migrant background, including refugees; people with fewer opportunities due to their geographical location and/or their socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances.
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Slovenia: Slovenia. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/36044