Timeline
  • 2015Approved/Agreed
  • 2016Implementation
  • 2017Implementation
  • 2018Legislative process
  • 2019Implementation
  • 2020Implementation
  • 2021Implementation
  • 2022Implementation
ID number
28026

Background

A brief overview of the context and rationale of the policy development, explaining why it is implemented or why it is important.

The Pact for Excellence in Education aims to strengthen the quality of education, from nursery school to the end of secondary school, for the benefit of all learners in the French Community (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles). Initiated in 2014, the Pact is the result of intense collective work between the actors of education (Government, administration, Federations of organising authorities and Wallonie-Bruxelles Enseignement, trade unions and parents' associations). It translates into a ‘systemic approach to change’, which touches on several dimensions, and the will to progressively improve the Belgian French-speaking school system.

Objectives

Goals and objectives of the policy development.

The Pact for Excellence in Education is a set of reforms that concerns all aspects of education: the content of the curricula, the organisation of courses, the training of teachers, etc., from nursery school to the end of secondary school, with the main objective of improving the results of all learners in the French Community (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles).

The Pact aims to act in depth on all dimensions of the school system:

  1. to make more inclusive and more egalitarian;
  2. to improve learners' results and the climate within the schools;
  3. to strengthen the collective dynamics between teachers and with the management;
  4. to give more autonomy to education professionals.

All of this with a view to improving the school system as a whole.

Description

What/How/Who/For whom/When of the policy development in detail, explaining its activities and annual progress, main actors and target groups.

The Pact for Excellence in Education was launched in January 2015, with a view to gradual implementation from 2017 to 2030. This was confirmed and reaffirmed in the Community Policy Statement covering the period 2019-24.

The work of the Pact for Excellence in Education is being developed and implemented through consultation and ongoing dialogue with all the stakeholders in education. From the diagnosis to the implementation, through the definition of objectives, the analysis of budgets and the drafting of legal texts, all the work of the representatives of the actors of education and their experts is carried out in a permanent dialogue with the Administration and the Ministers' offices since 2015. Everyone can express their nuances and points of attention.

The work of the Pact for Excellence in Education is also based on the direct participation of teachers, headmasters, psycho-medical-social centres' officers, parents, and learners. Since 2017, the participatory mechanisms aim to inform, consult, co-construct, share practices, test a measure or a new tool, and provide feedback. Organised in the form of meetings, online surveys, focus groups, consultations, consensus conferences, these mechanisms are set up with researchers, youth organisations or collective intelligence experts. Each process gives rise to a report, the conclusions of which are made public.

The Pact includes a set of guidelines organised in five...

The Pact for Excellence in Education was launched in January 2015, with a view to gradual implementation from 2017 to 2030. This was confirmed and reaffirmed in the Community Policy Statement covering the period 2019-24.

The work of the Pact for Excellence in Education is being developed and implemented through consultation and ongoing dialogue with all the stakeholders in education. From the diagnosis to the implementation, through the definition of objectives, the analysis of budgets and the drafting of legal texts, all the work of the representatives of the actors of education and their experts is carried out in a permanent dialogue with the Administration and the Ministers' offices since 2015. Everyone can express their nuances and points of attention.

The work of the Pact for Excellence in Education is also based on the direct participation of teachers, headmasters, psycho-medical-social centres' officers, parents, and learners. Since 2017, the participatory mechanisms aim to inform, consult, co-construct, share practices, test a measure or a new tool, and provide feedback. Organised in the form of meetings, online surveys, focus groups, consultations, consensus conferences, these mechanisms are set up with researchers, youth organisations or collective intelligence experts. Each process gives rise to a report, the conclusions of which are made public.

The Pact includes a set of guidelines organised in five strategic areas:

  1. learning content for the 21st century;
  2. autonomy and empowerment of all actors in the school system;
  3. valorisation of vocational education;
  4. strengthening the model of an inclusive school;
  5. school democracy and well-being at school.
2015
Approved/Agreed
2016
Implementation
2017
Implementation
2018
Legislative process
2019
Implementation

In 2019, a second set of reforms has been implemented, including the new teachers’ working time and free access to education.

2020
Implementation

In 2020, a third set of reforms has been implemented regarding the new curriculum for pre-primary school, and the digital strategy for education (school support, devices).

2021
Implementation

In 2021, a fourth set of reforms has been adopted regarding inclusive education (specific needs for learners with disabilities) and continued professional development.

2022
Implementation

In 2022, new reforms have been implemented:

  • new school rhythms,
  • the 48 territorial poles (structures attached to a special education school composed of a multidisciplinary team specialising in learning disabilities and/or disability support) are coming into operation, after a transitional year,
  • a second set of measures to fight against the shortage of teachers has been introduced, including an experimental scheme for replacing absent teachers at primary level,
  • a decree defining this new Vocational Education Pathway (Parcours d’Enseignement Qualifiant, PEQ) was adopted on 20 July 2022. This decree aims to gradually extend modular teaching to all vocational education programmes.  

Bodies responsible

This section lists main bodies that are responsible for the implementation of the policy development or for its specific parts or activities, as indicated in the regulatory acts. The responsibilities are usually explained in its description.
  • Ministry of the French Community

Target groups

Those who are positively and directly affected by the measures of the policy development; those on the list are specifically defined in the EU VET policy documents. A policy development can be addressed to one or several target groups.

Learners

  • Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
  • Learners with disabilities

Education professionals

  • Teachers
  • School leaders

Thematic categories

Thematic categories capture main aspects of the decision-making and operation of national VET and LLL systems. These broad areas represent key elements that all VET and LLL systems have to different extents and in different combinations, and which come into focus depending on the EU and national priorities. Thematic categories are further divided into thematic sub-categories. Based on their description, policy developments can be assigned to one or several thematic categories.

Governance of VET and lifelong learning

This thematic category looks at existing legal frameworks providing for strategic, operational – including quality assurance – and financing arrangements for VET and lifelong learning (LLL). It examines how VET and LLL-related policies are placed in broad national socioeconomic contexts and coordinate with other strategies and policies, such as economic, social and employment, growth and innovation, recovery and resilience.

This thematic category covers partnerships and collaboration networks of VET stakeholders – especially the social partners – to shape and implement VET in a country, including looking at how their roles and responsibilities for VET at national, regional and local levels are shared and distributed, ensuring an appropriate degree of autonomy for VET providers to adapt their offer.

The thematic category also includes efforts to create national, regional and sectoral skills intelligence systems (skills anticipation and graduate tracking) and using skills intelligence for making decisions about VET and LLL on quality, inclusiveness and flexibility.

Coordinating VET and other policies

This thematic sub-category refers to the integration of VET into economic, industrial, innovation, social and employment strategies, including those linked to recovery, green and digital transitions, and where VET is seen as a driver for innovation and growth. It includes national, regional, sectoral strategic documents or initiatives that make VET an integral part of broader policies, or applying a mix of policies to address an issue VET is part of, e.g. in addressing youth unemployment measures through VET, social and active labour market policies that are implemented in combination. National skill strategies aiming at quality and inclusive lifelong learning also fall into this sub-category.

Modernising VET infrastructure

This thematic category looks at how VET schools and companies providing VET are supported to update and upgrade their physical infrastructure for teaching and learning, including digital and green technologies, so that learners in all VET programmes and specialities have access to state-of-the-art equipment and are able to acquire relevant and up-to-date vocational and technical skills and competences. Modernising infrastructure in remote and rural areas increases the inclusiveness of VET and LLL.

Improving digital infrastructure of VET provision

This thematic sub-category focuses on establishing and upgrading to state-of-the-art digital infrastructure, equipment and technology, such as computers, hardware, connectivity and good broadband speed that should ensure quality and inclusive VET provision, especially in blended and virtual modes. It also includes specific measures to remove the digital divide, e.g. supporting geographically remote or rural areas to ensure social inclusion through access to such infrastructure for learning and teaching. It also includes support measures for learners from socially disadvantaged backgrounds to acquire the necessary equipment.

Modernising VET offer and delivery

This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.

The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.

This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.

Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.

Reinforcing work-based learning, including apprenticeships

This thematic sub-category covers all developments related to work-based learning (WBL) elements in VET programmes and apprenticeships which continue to be important in the policy agenda. It includes measures to stabilise the offer of apprenticeships, the implementation of the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships, and using the EU on-demand support services and policy learning initiatives among the Member States. It also covers further expansion of apprenticeships and WBL to continuing VET (CVET), for transition to work and inclusion of vulnerable groups, and for improving citizens’ qualification levels.

Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences

Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.

This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.

The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.

Systematic approaches to and opportunities for initial and continuous professional development of school leaders, teachers and trainers

This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of initial and continuing professional development (CPD) for VET educators who work in vocational schools and in companies providing VET. VET educators include teachers and school leaders, trainers and company managers involved in VET, as well as adult educators and guidance practitioners – those who work in school- and work-based settings. The thematic sub-category includes national strategies, training programmes or individual courses to address the learning needs of VET educators and to develop their vocational (technical) skills, and pedagogical (teaching) skills and competences. Such programmes concern state-of-the-art vocational pedagogy, innovative teaching methods, and competences needed to address evolving teaching environments, e.g. teaching in multicultural settings, working with learners at risk of early leaving, etc.

Attractiveness of the teaching and training profession/career

This thematic sub-category refers to measures aimed at engaging more professionals into teaching and training careers, including career schemes or incentives. It includes measures enabling teaching and training of staff, managing VET provider and trainer teams in companies to act as multipliers and mediators, and supporting their peers and/or local communities.

Supporting lifelong learning culture and increasing participation

Lifelong learning refers to all learning (formal, non-formal or informal) taking place at all stages in life and resulting in an improvement or update in knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes or in participation in society from a personal, civic, cultural, social or employment-related perspective (Erasmus+, Glossary of terms, https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms). A systemic approach to CVET is crucial to ensure adaptability to evolving demands.

This broad thematic category looks at ways of creating opportunities and ensuring access to re-skilling and upskilling pathways, allowing individuals to progress smoothly in their learning throughout their lives with better permeability between general and vocational education and training, and better integration and compatibility between initial and continuing VET and with higher education. Individuals should be supported in acquiring and updating their skills and competences and navigating easily through education and training systems. Strategies and campaigns that promote VET and LLL as an attractive and high-quality pathway, providing quality lifelong guidance and tailored support to design learning and career paths, and various incentives (financial and non-financial) to attract and support participation in VET and LLL fall into this thematic category as well.

This thematic category also includes many initiatives on making VET inclusive and ensuring equal education and training opportunities for various groups of learners, regardless of their personal and economic background and place of residence – especially those at risk of disadvantage or exclusion, such as persons with disabilities, the low-skilled and low-qualified, minorities, migrants, refugees and others.

Lifelong guidance

This thematic sub-category refers to providing high-quality lifelong learning and career guidance services, including making full use of Europass and other digital services and resources.

European priorities in VET

EU priorities in VET and LLL are set in the Council Recommendation for VET for sustainable competitiveness, social fairness and resilience, adopted on 24 November 2020 and in the Osnabrück Declaration on VET endorsed on 30 November 2020.

VET Recommendation

  • VET agile in adapting to labour market challenges
  • Flexibility and progression opportunities at the core of VET
  • VET as a driver for innovation and growth preparing for digital and green transitions and occupations in high demand
  • VET promoting equality of opportunities

Osnabrück Declaration

  • Resilience and excellence through quality, inclusive and flexible VET

Subsystem

Part of the vocational education and training and lifelong learning systems the policy development applies to.
IVET

Further reading

Sources for further reading where readers can find more information on policy developments: links to official documents, dedicated websites, project pages. Some sources may only be available in national languages.

Country

Type of development

Policy developments are divided into three types: strategy/action plan; regulation/legislation; and practical measure/initiative.
Strategy/Action plan
Cite as
Cedefop and ReferNet (2023). Pact for Excellence in Education: Belgium-FR. Timeline of VET policies in Europe. [online tool] https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28026