Dual pathway

1-4 years (depending on qualification level)

Type: wage paid by the employer; fixed amount per hour (but the payment is monthly)
Remuneration setting: by collective agreements. The starting salary amounts to at least the legal minimum wage (for youth) and increases are sector specific, and so are the agreements concerning remuneration of the school day. 
Coverage: on-the-job training (wage)
Variation(s): by the year of apprenticeship, age of apprentice, trade and qualification level

More than 50% of the overall duration of apprenticeship
Number of hours per year (average): 1,280. There are 1,600 study hours per year for a MBO student, and 4 out of 5 days is the company part of the training (0.8*1,600=1,280).

Paid by: the employer and the apprentice
Rights: health, pension, unemployment, annual leave.

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Companies contribution: training materials, facilities, instructors/mentors/tutors/in-company trainers

No definite answer possible as only data on the government part subsidizing the apprenticeship scheme (BBL) is available: EUR 308,500,000 (196.5 million for the subsidy practical learning + 112 million for stage fund healthcare). The figure does not include the government financing of the school-based part of training (funding of VET schools).
No EU funding is involved.

There is no information/estimation of the costs borne by employer such as wages, social contributions, material costs; in-company training, travel and subsistence costs, mentor costs, payments to sectoral training funds, etc.). Interviewed experts were not keen on providing an estimation.

Salary costs differ per individual (age and qualification level), company, and sector (see 'Financing on-the-job'). Employers need to pay taxes and social contribution of around 30% above the gross income, making the total minimum wage costs EUR 13,430,82 for a 19 year-old.
The annual public support of EUR 2,700 is 20.1% of the minimum salary costs of an employer for a 19 year-old. This calculation is done while making many assumptions and is simplistic by nature and the user should therefore be very careful using this statistic.

There are a few examples of financial incentives from sectoral training funds (like OOM).

Apprentices pay tuition fees for the school based part (for 2016/2017 this was EUR 236 for level 1-2 and EIR 573 for level 3-4). No data is available of the total cost of the scheme.

The strength of the Dutch system is that there is one general funding instrument for apprenticeships, providing a lump-sum per apprentice to companies and they are free to allocate the money. This funding instrument is transparent for companies.

The disadvantage is that the more companies make use of this subsidy the less money is available per apprentice (there is a ceiling in the budget and the budget is equally shared amongst applicants, with a maximum of EUR 2,700 per apprentice).
Additionally, there are some sector specific subsidies (like stage fund healthcare; subsidy family doctors; subsidy internal job coach; subsidy language training (‘tel mee met taal’) and subsidies from sectoral training funds (differs per sector). There is fragmentation between sectors also leading to unequal access to financial support for apprentices and companies.

Apprentices themselves are not directly financially supported by the government.

In general, the following trends can be observed: decreasing number of participants in BBL (apprenticeship) versus BOL (school-based VET). Huge difference between economic sectors and qualification levels. This is caused by the economic crisis leading to a preference for the school based track; demographic developments and increasing qualification level; poor image of BBL; termination of tax incentives for employers to compensate wages for apprentices; the requirements for general subjects (language and numeracy) in BBL; limited capacity of SBB to assure sufficient apprenticeship places; no public funding for the VET school, in case no working and learning agreement is made between the employer and apprentice, before 31 December that school year.

Minimum wage: EUR 1,537.2 per month (2016, S2); EUR 1,551.6 per month (2017, S1); EUR 1,565.4 per month (2017, S2)
Average yearly working time (hours) for a full time job: 1,684