- 2019Approved/Agreed
- 2020Approved/Agreed
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Implementation
- 2023Implementation
- 2024Approved/Agreed
Background
Along with the VET Act and the Act on education in primary and secondary schools, the Crafts Act constitutes the principal legislative framework for apprenticeships (nationally referred to as the Unified model of education (Jedinstveni model obrazovanja - JMO)). The Crafts Act defines the governance structure in JMO and stakeholder roles in curriculum development, certification, licencing of companies, apprenticeship contracts, requirements for workplace mentors and supervision of JMO delivery.
Objectives
To improve the regulatory framework in relation to planning and implementation of apprenticeship in VET.
Description
The amendments to the Crafts Act from December 2019, which entered into force as of January 2020, introduced a shift in governance that transferred more responsibility to the Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts (HOK), in particular, and the ministry responsible for economy (MINGO). Accordingly, MINGO and HOK now have a more prominent role in drafting curricula, while the ministry responsible for education keeps its role in adopting curricula, which are proposed by the Agency for Vocational Education and Training (ASOO). The roles in licencing remain unchanged. Although apprenticeship contracts are still the main responsibility of MINGO, HOK is now in charge of their verification and keeping their records. The validity of licences is now limited to seven years and the licences may also be revoked.
Key novelties also refer to the organisation of the journeyman exam. First, it is now called the apprenticeship exam and is incorporated in the final exam students are required to pass to complete the programme and attain a secondary education qualification. The apprenticeship exam is organised by VET schools based on the catalogue of exam tasks proposed by HOK and adopted by MINGO. HOK also issues the final certificate supplement on apprenticeship, while MINGO defines the overall framework for apprenticeship exams. The Agency for VET and Adult Education keeps its role in external evaluation of apprenticeship exams.
HOK and the...
The amendments to the Crafts Act from December 2019, which entered into force as of January 2020, introduced a shift in governance that transferred more responsibility to the Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts (HOK), in particular, and the ministry responsible for economy (MINGO). Accordingly, MINGO and HOK now have a more prominent role in drafting curricula, while the ministry responsible for education keeps its role in adopting curricula, which are proposed by the Agency for Vocational Education and Training (ASOO). The roles in licencing remain unchanged. Although apprenticeship contracts are still the main responsibility of MINGO, HOK is now in charge of their verification and keeping their records. The validity of licences is now limited to seven years and the licences may also be revoked.
Key novelties also refer to the organisation of the journeyman exam. First, it is now called the apprenticeship exam and is incorporated in the final exam students are required to pass to complete the programme and attain a secondary education qualification. The apprenticeship exam is organised by VET schools based on the catalogue of exam tasks proposed by HOK and adopted by MINGO. HOK also issues the final certificate supplement on apprenticeship, while MINGO defines the overall framework for apprenticeship exams. The Agency for VET and Adult Education keeps its role in external evaluation of apprenticeship exams.
HOK and the Croatian Chamber of Economy (HGK) would from now on propose and deliver a training programme in basic teaching skills for workplace mentors, adopted by MINGO with the prior consent of the ministry responsible for education(which was earlier an exclusive role of the ministry responsible for education). In the 2019 amendments, the roles and the procedure for conducting exams in basic teaching skills for workplace mentors in JMO is defined in detail for the first time, with its implementation mainly confided to HOK, and the general framework definition and supervision under the remit of MINGO.
The amendments also expanded on provisions for supervision, which now include professional monitoring of JMO delivery in companies. The procedure is defined by MINGO and the monitoring committee includes representatives of MINGO, VET providers, ASOO, as well as HOK and HGK. The amendments also introduced important advancements in planning enrolment in JMO. Based on input on the available JMO placements in companies from HOK, MINGO now suggests the enrolment structure to the ministry in charge of education.
The 2019 Amendments to the Crafts Act addressed key challenges in JMO expressed by stakeholders. They offer a clear governance structure and a detailed distribution of responsibilities among stakeholders, which should improve stakeholder coordination in JMO delivery. The amendments are expected to contribute to the quality of JMO by improving professional monitoring, streamlining the final examination and linking the enrolment structure to labour market demands. In particular, the quality and the relevance of workplace learning would benefit from the increased authority of HOK in licencing companies, mentor training and curricula development.
The amendments to the Crafts Act were passed in December 2019 and entered into force as of January 2020.
Based on the Amendments to the Crafts Act, in effect as of 2020, the corresponding regulations were adopted in October 2020. A programme for the attainment of basic pedagogical competences for workplace mentors was introduced, accompanied by regulations on the programme and administration of the examination for basic pedagogical competences for apprenticeship mentors. The aim of the new regulations is to allow workplace mentors to acquire competences for effective planning of teaching and learning, quality assurance and learner assessment, guidance, teaching strategies and methods. New regulations on licencing workplace apprenticeship providers and minimal conditions for apprenticeship contracts were also adopted in line with the Amendments to the Crafts Act. The ministry in charge of economy coordinated key stakeholders in the development of new regulations, including the ministry in charge of education, Agency for VET and Adult Education, Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts and Croatian Chamber of Economy.
The ministry in charge of economy continued to coordinate key stakeholders in the development of new regulations, including the ministry responsible for education, Agency for VET and Adult Education, Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts and Croatian Chamber of Economy. Regulation on the procedure for taking apprenticeship exams was adopted.
Following the introduction of the programme for the attainment of basic pedagogical competences for workplace mentors in 2020, as well as the regulations on the programme and administration of the examination process for basic pedagogical competence for apprenticeship mentors, the Croatian Chamber of Trades and Crafts formed examination boards and started conducting the exam in February 2021. The exam is targeted at workplace mentors to acquire competences for effective planning of teaching and learning, quality assurance and learner assessment, guidance, teaching strategies and methods. All mentors without the master craftsman exam must pass this exam in order to obtain a licence to admit apprentices. In 2021, the exam was successfully passed by 263 candidates.
The Regulation/Legislation was operational and ran as regular practice.
There were no amendments to the Crafts Act and related regulations.
In accordance with the Crafts Act, the ministry responsible for economy adopted the Catalogue of exam tasks for apprenticeship exams, in effect as of 2024 (implemented for the first time for the apprentices graduating in 2023/2024). The Crafts Act mandates that the organisation of the apprenticeship exam is based on the Catalogue of exam tasks proposed by HOK and adopted by MINGO. The exam tasks are designed to assess the practical skills, independence, and responsibility of apprenticeship candidates in line with the educational programme/qualification standards. The Catalogue of exam tasks contains descriptions of exam tasks and assessment grids for qualifications in regulated crafts and trades. The Catalogue was developed by HOK with input from tradespeople and representatives of VET schools.
Bodies responsible
- Ministry of Economy (MINGO)
Target groups
Education professionals
- Trainers
Entities providing VET
- VET providers (all kinds)
Other stakeholders
- Social partners (employer organisations and trade unions)
Thematic categories
Governance of VET and lifelong learning
This thematic category looks at existing legal frameworks providing for strategic, operational – including quality assurance – and financing arrangements for VET and lifelong learning (LLL). It examines how VET and LLL-related policies are placed in broad national socioeconomic contexts and coordinate with other strategies and policies, such as economic, social and employment, growth and innovation, recovery and resilience.
This thematic category covers partnerships and collaboration networks of VET stakeholders – especially the social partners – to shape and implement VET in a country, including looking at how their roles and responsibilities for VET at national, regional and local levels are shared and distributed, ensuring an appropriate degree of autonomy for VET providers to adapt their offer.
The thematic category also includes efforts to create national, regional and sectoral skills intelligence systems (skills anticipation and graduate tracking) and using skills intelligence for making decisions about VET and LLL on quality, inclusiveness and flexibility.
This thematic sub-category refers both to formal mechanisms of stakeholder engagement in VET governance and to informal cooperation among stakeholders, which motivate shared responsibility for quality VET. Formal engagement is usually based on legally established institutional procedures that clearly define the role and responsibilities for relevant stakeholders in designing, implementing and improving VET. It also refers to establishing and increasing the degree of autonomy of VET providers for agile and flexible VET provision.
In terms of informal cooperation, the sub-category covers targeted actions by different stakeholders to promote or implement VET. This cooperation often leads to creating sustainable partnerships and making commitments for targeted actions, in line with the national context and regulation, e.g. national alliances for apprenticeships, pacts for youth or partnerships between schools and employers. It can also include initiatives and projects run by the social partners or sectoral organisations or networks of voluntary experts and executives, retired or on sabbatical, to support their peers in the fields of VET and apprenticeships, as part of the EAfA.
This thematic sub-category refers to further development of national quality assurance (QA) systems for IVET and CVET, for all learning environments (school-based provision and work-based learning, including apprenticeships) and all learning types (digital, face-to-face or blended), delivered by both public and private providers. These systems are underpinned by the EQAVET quality criteria and by indicative descriptors applied both at system and provider levels, as defined in Annex II of the VET Recommendation. The sub-category concerns creating and improving external and self-evaluation of VET providers, and establishing criteria of QA, accreditation of providers and programmes. It also covers the activities of Quality assurance national reference points for VET on implementing and further developing the EQAVET framework, including the implementation of peer reviews at VET system level.
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
This thematic sub-category covers all developments related to work-based learning (WBL) elements in VET programmes and apprenticeships which continue to be important in the policy agenda. It includes measures to stabilise the offer of apprenticeships, the implementation of the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships, and using the EU on-demand support services and policy learning initiatives among the Member States. It also covers further expansion of apprenticeships and WBL to continuing VET (CVET), for transition to work and inclusion of vulnerable groups, and for improving citizens’ qualification levels.
Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences
Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.
This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.
The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.
This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of initial and continuing professional development (CPD) for VET educators who work in vocational schools and in companies providing VET. VET educators include teachers and school leaders, trainers and company managers involved in VET, as well as adult educators and guidance practitioners – those who work in school- and work-based settings. The thematic sub-category includes national strategies, training programmes or individual courses to address the learning needs of VET educators and to develop their vocational (technical) skills, and pedagogical (teaching) skills and competences. Such programmes concern state-of-the-art vocational pedagogy, innovative teaching methods, and competences needed to address evolving teaching environments, e.g. teaching in multicultural settings, working with learners at risk of early leaving, etc.
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Amendments to the Crafts Act: Croatia. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/29347