Timeline
  • 2015Implementation
  • 2016Implementation
  • 2017Implementation
  • 2018Implementation
  • 2019Implementation
  • 2020Implementation
  • 2021Completed
ID number
28587

Background

A brief overview of the context and rationale of the policy development, explaining why it is implemented or why it is important.

In-company trainers (instructors) need to complete a specific training programme regulated by the Act on VET (61/2015) in force since the school year 2015/16. This training addresses: learners' rights and obligations, organisation of training, work-related safety and health issues, and education standards, curricula and assessment. It should be completed within one year from their appointment as instructors. Since the 2018/19 school year, amendment of this act is in force introducing in-company head trainers as coordinators of the work of instructors (if needed).

Objectives

Goals and objectives of the policy development.

A framework regulation of in-company trainer training, set by the legislation, required further elaboration. The objective of this policy is to develop and offer training programmes for instructors and head instructors.

Description

What/How/Who/For whom/When of the policy development in detail, explaining its activities and annual progress, main actors and target groups.

In-company trainer training may be offered by various parties, provided that it is recognised by the professional or employer organisations in charge (nationally referred to as sectoral assignees). In 2015, the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry (the key player in this field) adopted its own regulation. In 2016, the Employer Council for Dual VET approved guidelines on training for trainers working with young people within the dual VET scheme. Guidelines for the training of those working outside dual VET were also approved. Several (usually local and small-scale) courses have been offered within or inspired by different pilots and bilateral cooperation projects. They include:

  1. a 28-hour modular course combining face-to-face and distance learning for future trainers in the mechanical and electrical engineering sectors, designed by the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry; this is based on experience gathered in a retraining programme for multipliers within the 2013-15 ESF-supported project Development of secondary VET;
  2. a 20-hour accredited course as part of the 2012-16 Swiss-Slovak cooperation project VET for the labour market;
  3. training provided by the German-Slovak Chamber of Industry and Commerce;
  4. a local 32-hour course within a cooperation project with Austria.

The State Institute of Vocational Education runs the ESF project Dual education and increasing attractiveness and quality of VET; this includes the design of a...

In-company trainer training may be offered by various parties, provided that it is recognised by the professional or employer organisations in charge (nationally referred to as sectoral assignees). In 2015, the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry (the key player in this field) adopted its own regulation. In 2016, the Employer Council for Dual VET approved guidelines on training for trainers working with young people within the dual VET scheme. Guidelines for the training of those working outside dual VET were also approved. Several (usually local and small-scale) courses have been offered within or inspired by different pilots and bilateral cooperation projects. They include:

  1. a 28-hour modular course combining face-to-face and distance learning for future trainers in the mechanical and electrical engineering sectors, designed by the Slovak Chamber of Commerce and Industry; this is based on experience gathered in a retraining programme for multipliers within the 2013-15 ESF-supported project Development of secondary VET;
  2. a 20-hour accredited course as part of the 2012-16 Swiss-Slovak cooperation project VET for the labour market;
  3. training provided by the German-Slovak Chamber of Industry and Commerce;
  4. a local 32-hour course within a cooperation project with Austria.

The State Institute of Vocational Education runs the ESF project Dual education and increasing attractiveness and quality of VET; this includes the design of a new programme to cater for 700 trainers in companies.

2015
Implementation
2016
Implementation
2017
Implementation
2018
Implementation
2019
Implementation

Within the national ESF project Dual education and increasing attractiveness and quality of VET, 930 participants have been retrained. In total, 1 543 participants have been retrained in head trainer courses and about 3 500 in in-company trainer courses. From 1 April 2019, head trainer training for all companies is provided by the National Union of Employers, the largest employer organisation in Slovakia. In companies with a greater number of dual learners and with the established position of a head trainer, the training of in-company trainers is ensured by the head trainer. This is based on the agreement with the respective professional or employer organisations ('sectoral assignees') responsible for respective (sectoral) fields of study, including training of in-company trainers. Sectoral assignees remain responsible for issuing certificates for completing the training.

2020
Implementation

The National Union of Employers retrained and certified 370 head instructors and certified 413 instructors from 1 April 2019 to 31 December 2020. The National Union of Employers also provides training for other employer associations as requested. Training of instructors and head instructors was continued during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions.

2021
Completed

The ESF project Dual education and increasing attractiveness and quality of VET was completed in September 2021. The final conference was held on 21 November 2021. Within this project, initial training programmes for instructors and head instructors were developed in response to the demand emerging after the introduction of dual VET. The certificate received 926 out of 930 retrained participants, which is over the project target of 700. They are fully qualified for provision of training in company premises. After completion of this project, initial training continues in a decentralised way as head instructors are entitled to offer initial training to staff within their company. The National Union of Employers can offer initial training to staff from companies that are newcomers to dual VET.

Bodies responsible

This section lists main bodies that are responsible for the implementation of the policy development or for its specific parts or activities, as indicated in the regulatory acts. The responsibilities are usually explained in its description.
  • Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport (until 2024)
  • State Institute of Vocational Education (ŠIOV)
  • Slovak Chamber Commerce and Industry
  • German-Slovak Chamber of Industry and Commerce

Target groups

Those who are positively and directly affected by the measures of the policy development; those on the list are specifically defined in the EU VET policy documents. A policy development can be addressed to one or several target groups.

Learners

  • Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices

Education professionals

  • Trainers

Entities providing VET

  • VET providers (all kinds)

Thematic categories

Thematic categories capture main aspects of the decision-making and operation of national VET and LLL systems. These broad areas represent key elements that all VET and LLL systems have to different extents and in different combinations, and which come into focus depending on the EU and national priorities. Thematic categories are further divided into thematic sub-categories. Based on their description, policy developments can be assigned to one or several thematic categories.

Governance of VET and lifelong learning

This thematic category looks at existing legal frameworks providing for strategic, operational – including quality assurance – and financing arrangements for VET and lifelong learning (LLL). It examines how VET and LLL-related policies are placed in broad national socioeconomic contexts and coordinate with other strategies and policies, such as economic, social and employment, growth and innovation, recovery and resilience.

This thematic category covers partnerships and collaboration networks of VET stakeholders – especially the social partners – to shape and implement VET in a country, including looking at how their roles and responsibilities for VET at national, regional and local levels are shared and distributed, ensuring an appropriate degree of autonomy for VET providers to adapt their offer.

The thematic category also includes efforts to create national, regional and sectoral skills intelligence systems (skills anticipation and graduate tracking) and using skills intelligence for making decisions about VET and LLL on quality, inclusiveness and flexibility.

Engaging VET stakeholders and strengthening partnerships in VET

This thematic sub-category refers both to formal mechanisms of stakeholder engagement in VET governance and to informal cooperation among stakeholders, which motivate shared responsibility for quality VET. Formal engagement is usually based on legally established institutional procedures that clearly define the role and responsibilities for relevant stakeholders in designing, implementing and improving VET. It also refers to establishing and increasing the degree of autonomy of VET providers for agile and flexible VET provision.

In terms of informal cooperation, the sub-category covers targeted actions by different stakeholders to promote or implement VET. This cooperation often leads to creating sustainable partnerships and making commitments for targeted actions, in line with the national context and regulation, e.g. national alliances for apprenticeships, pacts for youth or partnerships between schools and employers. It can also include initiatives and projects run by the social partners or sectoral organisations or networks of voluntary experts and executives, retired or on sabbatical, to support their peers in the fields of VET and apprenticeships, as part of the EAfA.

Modernising VET offer and delivery

This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.

The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.

This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.

Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.

Reinforcing work-based learning, including apprenticeships

This thematic sub-category covers all developments related to work-based learning (WBL) elements in VET programmes and apprenticeships which continue to be important in the policy agenda. It includes measures to stabilise the offer of apprenticeships, the implementation of the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships, and using the EU on-demand support services and policy learning initiatives among the Member States. It also covers further expansion of apprenticeships and WBL to continuing VET (CVET), for transition to work and inclusion of vulnerable groups, and for improving citizens’ qualification levels.

Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences

Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.

This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.

The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.

Systematic approaches to and opportunities for initial and continuous professional development of school leaders, teachers and trainers

This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of initial and continuing professional development (CPD) for VET educators who work in vocational schools and in companies providing VET. VET educators include teachers and school leaders, trainers and company managers involved in VET, as well as adult educators and guidance practitioners – those who work in school- and work-based settings. The thematic sub-category includes national strategies, training programmes or individual courses to address the learning needs of VET educators and to develop their vocational (technical) skills, and pedagogical (teaching) skills and competences. Such programmes concern state-of-the-art vocational pedagogy, innovative teaching methods, and competences needed to address evolving teaching environments, e.g. teaching in multicultural settings, working with learners at risk of early leaving, etc.

Subsystem

Part of the vocational education and training and lifelong learning systems the policy development applies to.
IVET

Further reading

Sources for further reading where readers can find more information on policy developments: links to official documents, dedicated websites, project pages. Some sources may only be available in national languages.

Country

Type of development

Policy developments are divided into three types: strategy/action plan; regulation/legislation; and practical measure/initiative.
Regulation/Legislation
Cite as

Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Initial training for in-company trainers: Slovakia. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].

https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28587