- 2016Approved/Agreed
- 2017Implementation
- 2018Implementation
- 2019Implementation
- 2020Implementation
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Implementation
- 2023Implementation
- 2024Implementation
Background
In Lithuania there are four formal categories for teachers in general education and VET: teacher, senior teacher, teacher methodologist and expert teacher. Categories are formally awarded by the commission for teacher certification.Lithuanian VET institutions employ 3 137 teachers (comprising 2 060 vocational and 1 077 general education teachers), with eight out of 10 having this as their main job (84% of vocational and 68% of general education teachers). About a quarter of vocational teachers worked in both VET schools and other places of employment. Teachers aged 50 and older predominate among vocational teachers, while more than 42% of the structure of vocational teachers consists of those with a qualification in the senior teacher category. Assessing 10-year trends, it can be seen that the proportion of teacher methodologists, teacher experts and vocational teachers with the teacher qualification category increased slightly over that period. However, a relatively large proportion (27.5%) of vocational teachers without any qualifications remains. Meanwhile, the participation of vocational and general education teachers in in-service training and retraining courses has declined slightly over the last few years. A comparison of numbers of course attendees and in-service training certificates issued shows that some individuals may participate in several in-service training events because the number of certificates exceeds the total number of attendees. Information on this type of teacher training is limited when it comes to assessing trends in duration and nature, and the positions of teachers involved. In Lithuania, there is a discrepancy between the regulation of vocational in-service teacher training and the real situation, a factor that may have a negative impact on the quality of VET.
Objectives
The aim is to increase the quality of VET and adult education by developing a system for in-service training of teachers in such institutions.
Description
In October 2016, a national-level project was launched with the aim of creating a CPD system for vocational teachers and adult educators. The project has been coordinated by the Qualifications and VET Development Centre (KPMPC), under the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport. It was anticipated that about 700 vocational teachers (almost a third of those working at the time) would participate in training courses relating to key and pedagogical competences for topics such as communication and cooperation, working culture, development of creativity, organisation of distance learning, assessment of learning outcomes, digitalisation of curricula, and VET for learners with special needs. It was also planned that around 300 vocational teachers would be enrolled in training courses relating to preparation and quality of training resources, mentorship, lesson planning, differentiation of learning, learner evaluation and learning reflection.
In 2017, 764 vocational teachers and managers of VET institutions attended training courses on topics including the reinforcement of sectoral practical training centres, the assessment of learning outcomes, VET didactics, and the application of research in VET practice.
In 2018, 150 teachers and managers of VET institutions attended training courses on topics including communication and cooperation, working culture, and development of creativity.
In 2019, a training for VET institution teachers was aimed at developing subject-specific and didactic competences. Specific training topics included organisation of distance learning, development of digital teaching content, STEM education, and VET for students with special needs. More than 100 vocational teachers participated in this training.
In 2020, the project continued. Training exercises for vocational teachers were completed on STEM education in VET institutions and organisation of distance learning in VET. Almost 400 participants attended these sessions.
New training on the development of digital content in VET started in February 2021, with more than 200 participants. The project implementation period was extended to September 2021, with the possibility to extend it again due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
During 2021, competence development activities and topics for vocational teachers and managers of VET institutions increased in scope: seminars on quality assurance and quality management, validation of assessment, teaching for students with special needs, and organisation of apprenticeship.
In 2022, the continuous improvement of didactical and subject specific competences of vocational teachers' activities went on. To develop subject-specific and didactic competences of VET teachers, trainings were offered on topics such as apprenticeship, assessment of qualifications, effective education and training.
Under the project 'Development of the system of professional development for professional and adult teachers No. 09.4.2-ESFA-V-715-01-0001', which ended in March 2022, a total of 2 662 professionals from VET institutions have been trained (vocational teachers, andragogues, teachers who are members of methodological commissions, and representatives of the school administration).
During February - March 2022, the following online training courses were offered to VET teachers:
- organisational activities of VET teachers (132 persons trained);
- applying and combining the teaching learning methods in VET (81 teachers trained);
- planning of VET content and process (75 teachers trained);
- assessment and evaluation of the progress for apprenticeship students (81 teacher trained).
During implementation of the project, an international conference on importance of Key competences in VET, 11 practical seminars on exchange of best international practice and an internship abroad have been organised.
In 2023, training for VET institutions' staff and VET teachers has been offered within the framework of the project ,Strengthening the system and the processes of VET quality assurance, (No. 09.4.1-ESFA-V-713-03-0001). A total of 657 participants in the training sessions. The training aimed to enhance VET institutions' capacity to respond effectively to business and regional needs, while improving their external communication strategies. The training sessions were also focused on strengthening VET quality assurance systems and processes, peer assessment, and the external evaluation of vocational training.
In September 2024, the project ,Improving Competencies - Better Quality of VET, was launched. It aims to increase VET's attractiveness and compliance with labour market's needs and enhance the quality of VET by improving the competencies of VET teachers and in-company trainers. Implemented by the European Social Fund Agency (ESFA), the project plans to train 1 000 teachers and in-company trainers and is funded with approximately EUR 3 million through Lithuania's Economic recovery and resilience plan.
In Autumn 2024, ESFA organised professional development training courses to improve in-company trainers' pedagogical and andragogical competencies. A total of 210 in-company trainers participated in the training.
Bodies responsible
- Ministry of Education, Science and Sport
- Qualifications and VET Development Centre (KPMPC)
Target groups
Education professionals
- Teachers
- Trainers
- School leaders
- Adult educators
Thematic categories
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
This thematic sub-category refers to acquisition of key competences and basic skills for all, from an early age and throughout their life, including those acquired as part of qualifications and curricula. Key competences include knowledge, skills and attitudes needed by all for personal fulfilment and development, employability and lifelong learning, social inclusion, active citizenship and sustainable awareness. Key competences include literacy; multilingual; science, technology, engineering and mathematical (STEM); digital; personal, social and learning to learn; active citizenship, entrepreneurship, cultural awareness and expression (Council of the European Union, 2018).
This thematic sub-category covers all developments related to work-based learning (WBL) elements in VET programmes and apprenticeships which continue to be important in the policy agenda. It includes measures to stabilise the offer of apprenticeships, the implementation of the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships, and using the EU on-demand support services and policy learning initiatives among the Member States. It also covers further expansion of apprenticeships and WBL to continuing VET (CVET), for transition to work and inclusion of vulnerable groups, and for improving citizens’ qualification levels.
Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences
Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.
This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.
The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.
This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of initial and continuing professional development (CPD) for VET educators who work in vocational schools and in companies providing VET. VET educators include teachers and school leaders, trainers and company managers involved in VET, as well as adult educators and guidance practitioners – those who work in school- and work-based settings. The thematic sub-category includes national strategies, training programmes or individual courses to address the learning needs of VET educators and to develop their vocational (technical) skills, and pedagogical (teaching) skills and competences. Such programmes concern state-of-the-art vocational pedagogy, innovative teaching methods, and competences needed to address evolving teaching environments, e.g. teaching in multicultural settings, working with learners at risk of early leaving, etc.
This thematic sub-category is in line with the EU policy focus on the digital transition, and refers to professional development and other measures to prepare and support teachers and trainers in teaching their learners digital skills and competences. It also covers measures and support for them to increase their own digital skills and competences, including for teaching in virtual environments, working with digital tools and applying digital pedagogies. Emergency measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic also fall into this sub-category.
Supporting lifelong learning culture and increasing participation
Lifelong learning refers to all learning (formal, non-formal or informal) taking place at all stages in life and resulting in an improvement or update in knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes or in participation in society from a personal, civic, cultural, social or employment-related perspective (Erasmus+, Glossary of terms, https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms). A systemic approach to CVET is crucial to ensure adaptability to evolving demands.
This broad thematic category looks at ways of creating opportunities and ensuring access to re-skilling and upskilling pathways, allowing individuals to progress smoothly in their learning throughout their lives with better permeability between general and vocational education and training, and better integration and compatibility between initial and continuing VET and with higher education. Individuals should be supported in acquiring and updating their skills and competences and navigating easily through education and training systems. Strategies and campaigns that promote VET and LLL as an attractive and high-quality pathway, providing quality lifelong guidance and tailored support to design learning and career paths, and various incentives (financial and non-financial) to attract and support participation in VET and LLL fall into this thematic category as well.
This thematic category also includes many initiatives on making VET inclusive and ensuring equal education and training opportunities for various groups of learners, regardless of their personal and economic background and place of residence – especially those at risk of disadvantage or exclusion, such as persons with disabilities, the low-skilled and low-qualified, minorities, migrants, refugees and others.
This thematic sub-category refers to making VET pathways and programmes inclusive and accessible for all. It concerns measures and targeted actions to increase access and participation in VET and lifelong learning for learners from all vulnerable groups, and to support their school/training-to-work transitions. It includes measures to prevent early leaving from education and training. The thematic sub-category covers measures promoting gender balance in traditionally ‘male’ and ‘female’ professions and addressing gender-related and other stereotypes. The vulnerable groups are, but not limited to: persons with disabilities; the low-qualified/-skilled; minorities; persons of migrant background, including refugees; people with fewer opportunities due to their geographical location and/or their socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances.
European priorities in VET
VET Recommendation
- VET as an attractive choice based on modern and digitalised provision of training and skills
- VET promoting equality of opportunities
Osnabrück Declaration
- Resilience and excellence through quality, inclusive and flexible VET
- Establishing a new lifelong learning culture - relevance of continuing VET and digitalisation
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). CPD system for VET teachers: Lithuania. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28342