Timeline
  • 2016Implementation
  • 2017Implementation
  • 2018Implementation
  • 2019Implementation
  • 2020Approved/Agreed
  • 2021Implementation
  • 2022Implementation
  • 2023Implementation
  • 2024Implementation
ID number
28032

Background

A brief overview of the context and rationale of the policy development, explaining why it is implemented or why it is important.

As an essential aspect of initial learning and lifelong learning, orientation and guidance contribute to social and economic objectives, further improving the efficiency and effectiveness of education, training and the labour market. It contributes to reducing school drop-out, preventing skills mismatches and boosting productivity, while addressing the needs of social equity and social inclusion.

Objectives

Goals and objectives of the policy development.

Orientation and guidance measures aim at supporting the public in defining their professional career and the related requirements by emphasising the discovery of trades and establishing contact with professionals from several sectors.

Amongst the implemented measures available to the public, Cités des métiers aim to be centres of excellence in guidance, entrepreneurship, working and training. They also contribute to the promotion of technical professions, to the organisation of events linked to the development of these professions and, in general, to the implementation of any animation and / or promotion aimed at achievement of these goals.

Description

What/How/Who/For whom/When of the policy development in detail, explaining its activities and annual progress, main actors and target groups.

Several centres of excellence in guidance, entrepreneurship, working and training were set up, namely one Cité des métiers centre in Namur in June 2016 and another one in Brussels in 2018. Founded in May 2019 by the Government of the Walloon Region, the University of Liège and Le Forem, the non-profit organisation named Centrale des Métiers de Liège is responsible for the Cité des Métiers project in the city of Liège.

2016
Implementation
2017
Implementation
2018
Implementation
2019
Implementation

In 2019, orientation and guidance measures were in place and ran on a regular basis.

2020
Approved/Agreed

In December 2020, Wallonia, the French Community and the French Community Commission adopted a memorandum setting out the terms and conditions for implementation of the lifelong guidance system.

The objectives pursued by the four governments (Walloon Region, the French Community, Brussels Region and the French Community Commission) in terms of the system of lifelong guidance are as follows, to:

  1. ensure better visibility of guidance to citizens;
  2. ensure a service offer in guidance, based on a common base, on the entire French-speaking Belgian territory, which is based on a common governance, and the design and deployment of a Cités des métiers/CEFO concerted action plan;
  3. formalise the lifelong guidance system in Belgium in legal and regulatory texts;
  4. ensure a quantitative and qualitative increase in the supply in orientation through the submission of a project portfolio 'lifelong orientation' within the framework of the ESF+ programming 2021-27.

The memorandum sets up a strategic steering committee for lifelong guidance. This is jointly chaired by representatives of the Walloon Minister of Employment and Training; the Brussels Minister of Employment and Vocational Training; and a Minister of the French Community. The shared chairing is endorsed by the Minister of Higher Education and adult education; representatives of the Minister of Education also sit on the committee, as does a representative of the Walloon Minister in charge of IFAPME and the competence centres.

2021
Implementation

In 2021, 12 priority actions have been defined, to meet the objectives set up by the memorandum:

  1. implementation of a communication plan;
  2. creation of a register of the service offer;
  3. development of a guidance web portal;
  4. establishment of the Cités des Métiers network, in a concerted manner between the four Cités des Métiers, and Forem, which is in charge of the coordination of the Carrefours des métiersguidance centres;
  5. definition of a common minimum offer in guidance on the whole French-speaking part of Belgium territory through a common action plan 2021 for all the CdM/Carrefours des métiers;
  6. proposition of a common guidance charter for all guidance stakeholders throughout life;
  7. creation of a training, resource, research and development centre;
  8. articulation of the actions in relation to STEM professions;
  9. focus on the professions of the future;
  10. development of a political governance of the system;
  11. translation of the general objectives into legal and regulatory texts;
  12. submission of one or more project portfolios in partnership with all partners.

Since January 2021, several working groups have started to implement the defined actions.

Of the 12 actions defined, some of them are financed by the Recovery Plan in Wallonia.

Actions 2 to 7 and 12, are carried out by multi-operator working groups associating actors from Wallonia, the French Community and the COCOF.

The actions are steered by a lifelong guidance (OTLAV, orientation tout au long de la vie) strategic steering committee, which meets quarterly, co-chaired by the cabinets of the Minister for Employment and Vocational Training in Wallonia, the Minister for Employment and Vocational Training in Brussels and the Minister for Higher Education and Adult Education in the French Community.

This committee brings together representatives from the Ministry of Education and the Ministry responsible for IFAPME and Competence Centres in Wallonia, as well as actors from Public Employment Services, Vocational Training Operators, etc.

On the budgetary level, the actions are financed by the structural credits of the different entities, and reinforced on the one hand by the credits of the Walloon Recovery Plan for specific actions in Wallonia, and on the other hand by European funds to reinforce quantitatively and qualitatively the guidance offer on the territory of the French-speaking part of Belgium.

The French Community is a key partner in the project and works in close partnership with the Carrefours des Métiers and the Cités des Métiers to offer appropriate guidance from the beginning of schooling. Guidance counsellors from compulsory education and higher education will soon join the teams in the three Walloon Cités des Métiers and the nine Carrefours des Métiers in Wallonia.

The deployment of the lifelong guidance system is also included in the Axis 1 of the Walloon Recovery Plan (plan 15).

2022
Implementation

A step towards this common vision was taken on 5 May, a Charter for lifelong guidance was signed by all the partners: the Walloon Region, the French Community, the Brussels Region, COCOF, Cités des Métiers, Actiris, Bruxelles Formation, Forem, IFAPME, etc.

The objectives of the charter are multiple: to ensure coherence and quality in the service offer, to make users' journeys more fluid and to move in a common direction. This Charter sets out and details the main principles that must be applied by all the players in the lifelong guidance system:

  1. cooperation,
  2. open-mindedness, respect, honesty, equality,
  3. dfficiency,
  4. neutrality,
  5. transparency,
  6. solidarity and commitment.
2023
Implementation

In 2023, guidance counsellors from both compulsory education and higher education joined the teams at the three Walloon Cités des Métiers and the nine Carrefours des Métiers in Wallonia. In September 2023, the Carrefours des Métiers were officially designated as associated centres of the Cités des Métiers in Wallonia. This integration included the commitment of 15 counsellors from compulsory education, the involvement of four counsellors from university academic hubs within the Cités des Métiers, and the incorporation of three counsellors from the skills validation consortium into the system. In terms of communication, a showcase website for the three Walloon Cités des Métiers was also created.

2024
Implementation

In 2024, the implementation of the guidance pathway for young people and students (ESF project) involved the commitment of nine counsellors, reflecting the intention to broaden the target audience. Development efforts for the guidance web portal have intensified, and working groups for co-construction are being organised to provide Walloon citizens with an accessible guidance web portal.

Bodies responsible

This section lists main bodies that are responsible for the implementation of the policy development or for its specific parts or activities, as indicated in the regulatory acts. The responsibilities are usually explained in its description.
  • Public Service of Wallonia (SPW) for Economy, Employment, Research - Department of Employment and Vocational Training
  • French Community (FWB)
  • Walloon Government
  • French Community Commission (COCOF)
  • Brussels' Government

Target groups

Those who are positively and directly affected by the measures of the policy development; those on the list are specifically defined in the EU VET policy documents. A policy development can be addressed to one or several target groups.

Learners

  • Young people (15-29 years old)
  • Young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs)
  • Learners with migrant background, including refugees
  • Learners at risk of early leaving or/and early leavers
  • Learners with disabilities
  • Adult learners
  • Older workers and employees (55 - 64 years old)
  • Unemployed and jobseekers
  • Persons in employment, including those at risk of unemployment
  • Low-skilled/qualified persons

Education professionals

  • Teachers

Thematic categories

Thematic categories capture main aspects of the decision-making and operation of national VET and LLL systems. These broad areas represent key elements that all VET and LLL systems have to different extents and in different combinations, and which come into focus depending on the EU and national priorities. Thematic categories are further divided into thematic sub-categories. Based on their description, policy developments can be assigned to one or several thematic categories.

Governance of VET and lifelong learning

This thematic category looks at existing legal frameworks providing for strategic, operational – including quality assurance – and financing arrangements for VET and lifelong learning (LLL). It examines how VET and LLL-related policies are placed in broad national socioeconomic contexts and coordinate with other strategies and policies, such as economic, social and employment, growth and innovation, recovery and resilience.

This thematic category covers partnerships and collaboration networks of VET stakeholders – especially the social partners – to shape and implement VET in a country, including looking at how their roles and responsibilities for VET at national, regional and local levels are shared and distributed, ensuring an appropriate degree of autonomy for VET providers to adapt their offer.

The thematic category also includes efforts to create national, regional and sectoral skills intelligence systems (skills anticipation and graduate tracking) and using skills intelligence for making decisions about VET and LLL on quality, inclusiveness and flexibility.

Engaging VET stakeholders and strengthening partnerships in VET

This thematic sub-category refers both to formal mechanisms of stakeholder engagement in VET governance and to informal cooperation among stakeholders, which motivate shared responsibility for quality VET. Formal engagement is usually based on legally established institutional procedures that clearly define the role and responsibilities for relevant stakeholders in designing, implementing and improving VET. It also refers to establishing and increasing the degree of autonomy of VET providers for agile and flexible VET provision.

In terms of informal cooperation, the sub-category covers targeted actions by different stakeholders to promote or implement VET. This cooperation often leads to creating sustainable partnerships and making commitments for targeted actions, in line with the national context and regulation, e.g. national alliances for apprenticeships, pacts for youth or partnerships between schools and employers. It can also include initiatives and projects run by the social partners or sectoral organisations or networks of voluntary experts and executives, retired or on sabbatical, to support their peers in the fields of VET and apprenticeships, as part of the EAfA.

Supporting lifelong learning culture and increasing participation

Lifelong learning refers to all learning (formal, non-formal or informal) taking place at all stages in life and resulting in an improvement or update in knowledge, skills, competences and attitudes or in participation in society from a personal, civic, cultural, social or employment-related perspective (Erasmus+, Glossary of terms, https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/programme-guide/part-d/glossary-common-terms). A systemic approach to CVET is crucial to ensure adaptability to evolving demands.

This broad thematic category looks at ways of creating opportunities and ensuring access to re-skilling and upskilling pathways, allowing individuals to progress smoothly in their learning throughout their lives with better permeability between general and vocational education and training, and better integration and compatibility between initial and continuing VET and with higher education. Individuals should be supported in acquiring and updating their skills and competences and navigating easily through education and training systems. Strategies and campaigns that promote VET and LLL as an attractive and high-quality pathway, providing quality lifelong guidance and tailored support to design learning and career paths, and various incentives (financial and non-financial) to attract and support participation in VET and LLL fall into this thematic category as well.

This thematic category also includes many initiatives on making VET inclusive and ensuring equal education and training opportunities for various groups of learners, regardless of their personal and economic background and place of residence – especially those at risk of disadvantage or exclusion, such as persons with disabilities, the low-skilled and low-qualified, minorities, migrants, refugees and others.

Promotion strategies and campaigns for VET and lifelong learning

This thematic sub-category refers to initiatives that promote VET and lifelong learning implemented at any level and by any stakeholder. It also covers measures to ensure and broaden access to information about VET to various target groups, including targeted information and promotional campaigns (e.g. for parents, adult learners, vulnerable groups). Among others, it includes national skill competitions and fairs organised to attract learners to VET.

Lifelong guidance

This thematic sub-category refers to providing high-quality lifelong learning and career guidance services, including making full use of Europass and other digital services and resources.

European priorities in VET

EU priorities in VET and LLL are set in the Council Recommendation for VET for sustainable competitiveness, social fairness and resilience, adopted on 24 November 2020 and in the Osnabrück Declaration on VET endorsed on 30 November 2020.

VET Recommendation

  • VET as an attractive choice based on modern and digitalised provision of training and skills

Osnabrück Declaration

  • Establishing a new lifelong learning culture - relevance of continuing VET and digitalisation

Subsystem

Part of the vocational education and training and lifelong learning systems the policy development applies to.
IVET
CVET

Further reading

Sources for further reading where readers can find more information on policy developments: links to official documents, dedicated websites, project pages. Some sources may only be available in national languages.

Country

Type of development

Policy developments are divided into three types: strategy/action plan; regulation/legislation; and practical measure/initiative.
Practical measure/Initiative
Cite as

Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Strengthening of orientation and guidance measures: Belgium-FR. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].

https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/28032