The indicator offers insights into education mismatches across sectors and occupations in the EU, estimating both current and future numbers of individuals who are either underqualified or overqualified for their roles. "Underqualified" refers to respondents who reported the level of education needed to perform their job was higher than their highest level of attained education, while "overqualified" refers to those whose level of education needed to perform their job was lower than their highest level of attained education. 

The calculations are based on the Cedefop European Skills and Jobs Survey (ESJS2) combined with the Skills Forecast employment projections.