Use of technologies, such as advanced robotics and artificial intelligence to produce and distribute goods and services with minimal human intervention.
Comment
- The impact of automation of work on employment will vary over time and will not affect all sectors and occupations equally;
- while automation is believed to affect mostly middle-skill occupations (job polarisation), workers with lower education levels tend to be more vulnerable;
- potentially automatable jobs and tasks tend to be concentrated in manual and routine occupations with a greater share of work activities that can be codified and programmed by machines. Jobs and tasks which rely more on interpersonal / social skills and on cognitive / information processing skills are less likely to be automated.
Source
Based on Cedefop; Pouliakas, K. 2021; Frey and Osborne, 2017; Arntz et al., 2017.