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Policy instruments
Scroll down to explore detailed information on skills anticipation and matching policy instruments from EU countries. Click on the respective tabs to select and filter by specific search criteria, such as the focus of the policy area, the aim of the instrument, the specific use of labour market intelligence and the type of stakeholders involved.
Title | Country | Focus area | Policy area | Aim of policy instrument | Use of labour market intelligence | Policy goal |
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AMS Standing Committee on New Skills |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitionsOther | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionEnable strategic business decisions |
Identifying changes in the needs for qualifications/new skills. To design training measures for the unemployed and to guide (further) training in companies and in specific occupations, based on input working groups (PES and companies representatives). Working groups are created for specific sectors, made up of sectoral clusters of business representatives (e.g. in construction and building, business administration, chemicals and plastics, electrical engineering/electronics/ telecommunications, energy and environmental engineering, commerce, machinery/motor vehicles/metal, tourism, and health). These groups then formulate a list of current and future sector-specific requirements for employees and jobseekers in their sectors. The outcomes are used by AMS for the design of training measures for the unemployed and are also meant to guide (further) training in companies and in specific occupations. |
Competent (this is the name of the database) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | General education | Upskill and match skills of unemployedFacilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortages | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
Increases the most needed skills in the labour market. The programmes are directly targeted towards the ‘knelpuntenberoepen’ (professions with shortages) – as identified by the VDAB (public employment service). The rationale here is that by allowing job seekers and enterprises to contribute to the database (by filling in career fiches), the database and career fiches are quickly updated according to current and actual supply and demand of skills, allowing for more effective and efficient matching. |
Development of a Workforce Competence Assessment System by Sectors and Regions (CASSY) |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Address skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitions | Inform job-search decisions of unemployedInform career-making decisions of studentsEnable strategic business decisionsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design standards and accreditation |
The overarching objective of the initiative was to enhance labour market adaptability and effectiveness, as well as to strike a greater balance of labour market demand and supply by developing a system for workforce competence assessment by sectors and regions. The rationale of the Competence Assessment System can be defined, as follows: Forecasting the demand for labour force with specific qualification levels in specific sectors and regions. The policy goal, defined in section 2 were achieved through: |
Updating Higher Education Curricula in Compliance with Labour Market Requirements |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Higher education | Match skills of young graduates | Other |
The policy instrument addresses the need for better defining the range of skills and knowledge offered in the system of higher education, through establishing active cooperation mechanisms between higher education institutions and business entities and their associations. Thus, the policy goal of the initiative is to translate the social order for new professionals of the Bulgarian business into the language of education. The intervention contributed to the establishment of a direct link between HEIs on the one hand and employers on the other, including at higher and mid-management level. Key business experts were attracted, together with academics to redefine and update university curricula to better respond to labour market needs. Strategies were elaborated at HEI level for the development of the different degrees of education by professional fields and/or specialties, as a direct response to the needs of the business sector. |
HRDA Scheme for Job Placement and Training of Tertiary-Education Graduates |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Match skills of young graduatesAddress skill shortages | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
To reduce unemployment amongst tertiary-education graduates by helping them find productive and suitable employment through acquiring work experience and specialised additional knowledge suitable to market needs. At the same time help businesses/organisations to improve their productivity and competitiveness by employing highly educated young graduates. The programme focused on the integration of highly qualified young people into the labour market by providing practical on-the-job experience in a company for a maximum period of 12 months. |
STAD - Scheme for the Job Placement of Young Unemployed Graduates of Lower Secondary, Upper Secondary & Post-Secondary Education of up to 2 years for the Acquisition of Work Experience in Enterprises/Organisations (2014) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Match skills of young graduatesUpskill and match skills of unemployed | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The instrument addresses the problem of unemployment among young people. The aim of the Schemes is to provide young unemployed persons (below tertiary-education graduates) the opportunity to acquire work experience in order to improve their employability, at the same time, giving the opportunity to enterprises/organisations to use the services of those young persons at no financial cost to them. The scheme gives young graduates of secondary education the opportunity to enter/re-enter the labour market and improve their employability through acquiring training and work experience in companies and organisations. |
Subsidy scheme for attracting people in the labour market through flexible forms of employment |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Other | Inform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The main objectives of the project are: keeping more people in the labour market by improving their employability and promoting the reconciliation of work and family life; and improved productivity and enhanced competitiveness of enterprises. The Scheme aimed to facilitate the employment of economically inactive and unemployed persons, who have difficulty entering or remaining in the labour market by way of some form of flexible arrangement. |
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WE-Qualify: Improving Skills and Qualifications for the Building Workforce in Cyprus |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Adult education and training | Facilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortages | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design training programmes to activate unemployedDesign standards and accreditation |
According to the current national labour statistics there is lack of a sufficient number of skilled workforce for the implementation of measures relating to the construction of energy efficient buildings, and furthermore, a lack of appropriate training programmes for the training of the workforce in this area is evidently present. The project primarily aims at achieving national targets 2020 (Buildings and RES technologies) concerning renewable energy sources technologies in buildings through training of workers in the building and related sectors. In order to achieve this policy targets, there is a need of a qualified workforce with appropriate knowledge, experience, skills, and attitudes not only in the building sector, but in all sectors related to the building industry. |
Sector Councils |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Address skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesBroadly address skill mismatch | Enable strategic business decisionsDesign standards and accreditation |
Public policy makers as well as social partners (associations of private employers) in the Czech Republic have been facing the problem of skill mismatch between the supply of skills of graduates from formal education and the demand for new/specialised skills continually generated in the labour market. It was decided to set up a platform for systematic cooperation between the two sides. Sector Councils are employer-led and publicly partly co-funded, and supervise expert groups, whose task is to monitor skill shortages and consult corresponding policy measures (Vocational Qualifications, National System of Professions etc). The activities of Sector Councils help to narrow the gap between requirements of employers (in terms of qualifications and competencies of employees) and the supply of workforce (both current and future), through identification of future needs and recommendations for improvement. |
Vocational Qualification |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Adult education and training | Upskill and match skills of unemployedUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitions | Design training programmes to activate unemployedDesign standards and accreditation |
Provide the unemployed, job seekers etc. with the possibility of having their informally acquired skills and competences assessed and certified, thus deepening, increasing or changing their qualifications, and in effect, improving their chances in the labour market. |
Continuing training and education committees |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Adult education and training | Facilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedDesign standards and accreditation |
To contribute to maintaining and improving the vocational skills and competences of the participants in accordance with the needs in the labour market and to furthering competence development of the participants. The education and training committee's task is to develop labour market education that can meet the labour market needs for vocational adult and continuing education targeted at skilled and unskilled workers. |
Favourable educations |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Adult education and training | Address skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesFacilitate job/career transitions | Inform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of students |
The policy goal of the instrument is to raise the number of skilled workers and to influence the decision of young people to choose vocational trainings where more skilled workers are needed. The scheme provides subsidies to businesses who agree to sign an internship agreement with a student from one of the favourable educations. It is especially designed to meet future skill needs, as the employer federations, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, will decide which educational programs are eligible for the scheme. In addition, it provides guidance to the students or employees who wish to take a vocational education program, with good opportunities for internships and job opportunities in the future. |
Choose IT! |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Adult education and training | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitions | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provision |
The policy instrument addresses the issue of labour shortages in the field of ICT. As there is a serious mismatch between the supply and demand of such workers, more active measures are needed in addition to classical ones, e.g. increasing the number of study places and engaging qualified foreign labour. This implies that the possibilities for retraining and in-service training for adults have to be broadened. |
Development of OSKA, a system of labour market monitoring and future skills forecasting |
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Matching skills for the future of work | Employment policy | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesFacilitate job/career transitionsBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of studentsEnable strategic business decisionsInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design standards and accreditation |
The policy instrument comprehensively addresses the issue of better matching the needs of the labour market with the provided education and training. The policy goal is to improve and tighten the linkages between the world of learning and the quantitative and qualitative needs and expectations of the labour market. The rationale for the intervention is the creation and implementation of a systematic process to engage all relevant stakeholders, so that they can provide input into skills anticipation and give recommendations to upgrade competency standards, provide relevant training and courses, also retraining possibilities. The general aim of OSKA is to teach and learn about the right skills relevant in the society. The OSKA system creates a cooperation platform, which enables the exchange of information between employers and training providers and educational institutions to comprehensively analyse the growth potential of different economic sectors and their needs, and to facilitate the planning of education provision at different levels of education and by types of school, as well as in the fields of retraining and in-service training. |
Development of the Career Guidance System in Estonia |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | General education | Address skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesFacilitate job/career transitionsBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of studentsInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design standards and accreditation |
To develop career guidance in the national system of education seeking to cope with the current and future skills mismatch. The general goal of the policy instrument was to provide easily accessible and high quality career guidance services and to guarantee that the development of the career guidance system in Estonia is systematic and sustainable. |
Anticipation for jobs and occupations |
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Matching skills for the future of work | Initial vocational education and training | Address skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform career-making decisions of studentsInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs) |
The aim is to anticipate the skills needs in the different occupations to design the initial vocational education programmes and vocational training programmes. All the results about future jobs and skills needs are published and disseminated to those responsible for education and training programmes within the whole country. |
Extra Programme 500 000 jobseekers trained |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Adult education and training | Match skills of young graduatesUpskill and match skills of unemployedFacilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform career-making decisions of students |
The aim is to increase the number of jobseekers trained in line with companies and sectors' skills needs. Training for jobseekers is chosen after local diagnosis of companies and sectors needs. |
Initiative for skilled workforce Eastern Germany |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Growth and innovation | Facilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortages | Inform decisions on course funding/provisionEnable strategic business decisions |
Labour force supply in Eastern Germany will shrink earlier and stronger than in the Western Länder due to the massive decrease in fertility after the reunification and the persistent migration of young and well-qualified people from Eastern Länder to Western Länder. The goal of the project is to support the competitiveness of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and the economic growth in Eastern Germany. With this initiative, the Ministry of the Interior promotes and funds regional approaches of securing a skilled workforce. These approaches are capable of exploiting the employment potential as far as possible. The core activity - besides events and publications - is to fund and support a number of projects introduced by companies and company networks. The projects are identified via a contest. Therefore, by supporting the interplay of various regional actors, the focus lies in testing measures of securing a skilled workforce in promising sectors in terms of increasing demand for skilled personnel. |
Local Action Plans (TOPSA) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill employed adults | Inform decisions on course funding/provisionInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The policy goal is the creation of new jobs and the support of entrepreneurship at the local level. The TopSA include actions such as training and education, work based learning and apprenticeships in private enterprises in Greece or abroad, the preparation of business plans, specialised research and evaluation services for start-ups, support for legal and tax issues, etc. |
Local actions for vulnerable groups (TOPEKO) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployed | Inform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The aim of the Local actions for vulnerable groups (TOPEKO) is to contribute towards the integration or re-integration of unemployed people belonging to socially vulnerable groups, through a broad set of actions that cover additional needs of different beneficiaries with a special emphasis on their employment or entrepreneurial perspectives. The actions aim to mobilise local actors to create jobs and at the same time facilitate a versatile and effective preparation of unemployed beneficiaries to: |
Renewal of the contents, methodologies and structure of vocational training |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | General education | Upskill employed adultsOther | Inform decisions on course funding/provisionInform and train career guidance and counsellors |
The policy goals were the following: to reform the contents and structure of vocational training; to develop/introduce a modular training system; and to strengthen the links between education and training and the economy. |
Youth Guarantee Work Trial |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployedOther | Inform decisions on course funding/provision |
The actions target all types of NEETs below the age of 25, including inactive and unemployed young people who are not in education or training and who need practical experience before they can enter the primary job market. By providing subsidies to employers hiring young people in need of help, young people gain experience, knowledge, upgrade their skills and are more likely to be able to find a job in the primary job market. |
Skillnets |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesFacilitate job/career transitions | Other |
The policy instrument aims to address skills mismatch/gaps and to meet the evolving needs of the labour market through training and upskilling, with company groups, businesses, employees and the unemployed. The goal of Skillnets is to sustain Ireland's national competitiveness. The current rationale behind Skillnets is based on Ireland’s National Skills Strategy 2025, which is to increase the supply of skills to the labour market, and to strengthen the role of employers and training providers. Through it's different programmes, it meets the policy goal by offering support and funding to all levels of the labour market, e.g. by developing new programmes that address emerging skills gaps with FSNP, or supporting management development training opportunities and mentoring support for SME managers with ManagementWorks. |
(Re)training and qualification of Whirlpool's and satellite activities' dismissed employees in the area of Trento |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployed | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund mission is to help workers losing their jobs, due to the impact of globalisation or the global financial and economic crisis to find new jobs as soon as possible. The instrument addressed the problem of the closing of the Trento Whirlpool plant (with about 600 employees) and the need to re-employ the workers who lost their jobs, possibly in Trento areas. The rationale of the intervention is that the combination of both demand (companies) and supply (dismissed workers) side actions could increase the employment opportunities for the workers who lost their jobs. In addition, on the workers' side, the possibility to use more than one type of action (information, counselling, training, coaching, etc), and to be involved in training actions designed in accordance to specific occupational opportunities could result in a higher employability level. The instrument, as implemented in Trento, contributed to achieving EGF's goals, because the objectives and the structure of the instrument was absolutely consistent with EGF's objectives and fundamentals. |
Apprenticeships and craft jobs |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployed |
Helps the unemployed to obtain a job through apprenticeship contracts and train them in craft/manufacture skills to fill the skill shortages in the sector. The project aimed to promote the training and allocation of jobs for around 20,000 young unemployed people in the sector of traditional craft and manufacture. There were two areas of intervention: |
Regional Deed on Vocational Training aimed at Reducing Unemployment (Labour Market, 2015-2016, Piedmont Region) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployed | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provision |
The policy goal is to give the unemployed the opportunity to find employment through the development of skills and competences that match companies', sectors' or local economic systems' needs. The instrument specifically targets young and adult unemployed (also TCNs). The rationale of the instrument is that if an unemployed person develops skills and competences that are related to skills/competences needs characterising a specific local economic system (formally and rigorously analysed), then he/she will be more likely to find employment in that system. Within this framework, the instrument gives a contribution to the policy goal of tackling and reducing unemployment by explicitly indicating for each sub-regional area, what are the sectors and the professional profiles to be given priority in terms of training. |
Studies of the sectors and creation of Sectoral Expert Councils. |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Initial vocational education and training | Address skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design standards and accreditation |
To ensure relevant and comprehensive information about skills demand and supply in the sectors of the economy. The goal of SECs is to promote VET effectiveness and quality of VET by promoting cooperation between state institutions, municipalities, employers and their organisations, trade unions and professionals to deal with human resource development issues. It aims to also improve the quality and efficiency of vocational education according to the needs of national economy sectors, as well as addresses vocational training directly in the fields where there is the largest number of labour force and the skills that will have to be upgraded most of all. The descriptions of sectors provide structured and detailed information, which can be used for the design and implementation of different skill mismatch policy measures. This information includes: data and forecasts on the macro-economic development of sectors of the economy, including the demand for workforce; data and forecasts on the development of the workforce in the sectors; and data on the structure of occupations and qualifications in the sectors. This instrument provides necessary information for the work of SECs and the development of occupational standards and other measures dealing with the matching of supply of skills in the education system and demand for skills in the sectors of economy. |
Apprenticeship and qualification improvement at a work place |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Initial vocational education and training | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
Provide support for projects of apprenticeship and the acquisition of sectoral competences, and also for the development of a sub-system for qualifications obtained in the working environment. The rationale for the intervention is to increase workforce competitiveness, ensuring opportunities to adapt to economic needs. |
Competences LT |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Active labour market policies | Match skills of young graduatesUpskill employed adultsAddress skill shortages | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provision |
The main goal of the policy is to fulfil specific sectorial needs, by providing training and to create a sub-system of high qualification development at a work place. The rationale for the intervention is strengthening the potential of human resources. The instrument covers the whole country and a wide network of employees and employers. |
Employment opportunities barometer |
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Matching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Address skill shortages | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform career-making decisions of studentsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs) |
To provide information and forecasts on the short-term labour market demand for qualifications. This instrument mainly aims to identify short-term (up to 1 year) shortages of qualifications by indicating qualifications in high, medium and low demand. It is an instrument for vocational guidance and planning of the active labour market measures, especially training for the unemployed. |
Labour Market Observatory for Education |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Initial vocational education and training | Match skills of young graduates | Inform career-making decisions of studentsInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Other |
Supplying young people with information about the present situation and trends in the regional and global labour market, to help them in making educational and professional decisions; supplying vocational counsellors, teachers, parents with the same range of information to make them able to help young people in their decisions; and monitoring the labour market for education authorities. Support for decision making for pupils, young graduates, career counsellors, parents, regional authorities, and school authorities is provided by popularizing analyses of regional labour market. |
Study of Human Capital in Poland (BKL) |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Address skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatchOther | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of studentsEnable strategic business decisionsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs) |
Projects analysing how the structure of competences is changing in the labour market. This extensive research project seeks the answers to the key questions about the future asked by schoolchildren, students, employees, employers, and public institutions responsible for shaping policies related to human capital at both national and regional levels: What subjects of studies to select to have desirable knowledge and skills after graduation? What competences to hone to build the best professional career, one that will be in demand in the face of dynamic economic changes? How to plan the development of the team, so that the firm gains a lasting competitive edge founded on the team’s qualifications? Finally, what changes to introduce at the state level to support the building of an innovative economy based on human capital? |
Vocational education modernization in Małopolska region |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Initial vocational education and training | Match skills of young graduatesOther | Inform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform career-making decisions of studentsOther |
Comprehensive support for vocational education in the Małopolska region, aimed at improving its quality. The Strategy prepared by Małopolska Voivodesip (Malopolska Voivodship is a regional government unit/regional public authority) is aimed at comprehensive support for the vocational education system in the region, with the use of instruments available in the Human Capital OP and in the Regional Operational Programme. The emphasis is especially put on co-operation between schools and enterprises, as well as organising internships. |
Partnership analysis and labour market forecasting system with continuing adaptation to economic dynamics |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Upskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionEnable strategic business decisionsInform and train career guidance and counsellors |
The aim is to respond to a growing need of updated information from employers, social partners and other stakeholders of the labour market, in order to improve access to labour market information, to deal with mismatches, as well as to enhance the capabilities of the National Agency for Employment to provide and elaborate labour market analyses and forecasts. |
A list of fields of study in an oversupply at the labour market and a list of fields of study in an undersupply in the labour market |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Initial vocational education and training | Match skills of young graduatesAddress skill shortages | Inform decisions on course funding/provision |
The policy goal is to better adjust the IVET system to labour market needs, in order to supply occupations in demand to the labour market and to prevent unemployment of IVET graduates. The intervention aims to better align supply and demand in the labour market. The instrument contributes to this by changing funding incentives for selected fields of study in IVET, to steer regulatory decisions of regional territorial units, which are founders of IVET schools in Slovakia. |
National Project: Forecasting of Developments of Labour Market Needs |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Employment policy | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of studentsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Other |
The instrument aims to address skill mismatch in the economy. The project implements statistical models as tools for systematic monitoring of labour market needs, developments in skills mismatch, and skills supply/demand ratios at regional level, as well as with respect to graduates. |
National project: National Register of Occupations (NRO) III |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Other | Match skills of young graduatesUpskill and match skills of unemployedUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Inform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs)Design training programmes to activate unemployedDesign standards and accreditationInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform career-making decisions of studentsInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The instrument addresses the skills mismatch in the economy and aims at linking employers' demands for skills with labour supply (via education and training). This instrument is the third (final) phase and continuation of previous projects National Register of Occupations I and II. After defining occupational standards that reflect employers needs for skills, and linking them to education and training (first and second phase), this instrument was finalised by the creation of the information portal with job classifications. |
Online Guide to the Labour Market / Labour Market Integrated System |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Employment policy | Broadly address skill mismatchOther | Inform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform career-making decisions of studentsInform job-search decisions of unemployed |
The policy goal of ISTP is to bring together the concept of skill-oriented guidance for the unemployed and a database of vacant jobs organised according to a standardised classification of occupations. This framework is meant to provide a job seeker with a personal skills profile that can be matched with skills and competences required for specific work positions and with actual job offers. The instrument (online guide) offers jobseekers information and counselling that is useful for finding a job that corresponds to educational attainment, experience, knowledge and skills of the user. It also presents job vacancies that can be searched and allow creating personal profile visible to employers. Employers can publish vacancies and search job candidates. |
Competence centres for HR development |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Adult education and training | Upskill employed adultsAddress skill shortages | Enable strategic business decisionsOther |
The policy instrument aims to reduce disparities between qualifications and labour market needs by increasing the qualifications of the personnel employed in the industry, in order to contribute to the competitiveness of employees, enterprises and the Slovenian economy in general. The aim of the competence centres is to improve the competences, productivity, creativity and innovativeness of employees and to strengthen the competitiveness of the Slovenian economy. The instrument supports the following activities: |
Increasing effective coordination of supply and demand in the labour market |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Active labour market policies | Upskill and match skills of unemployed | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform job-search decisions of unemployedInform career-making decisions of studentsInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform the design of national qualification frameworks (NQFs) |
The policy instrument addresses the lack of relevant instruments and advanced tools that enable quality labour market forecasts, which, combined with a shortage of in-depth cooperation between the individual stakeholders (public institutions, business associations, research institutions, social partners), disrupts the consistency of labour supply and demand and quality forecasts for labour market needs. The instrument addresses this challenge by: |
Green Jobs Programme |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Other | Upskill and match skills of unemployedUpskill employed adultsFacilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortages | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform and train career guidance and counsellorsInform job-search decisions of unemployedEnable strategic business decisions |
The problems addressed are the lack of skills for green jobs and environmental problems. The policy goal is to provide skills for green jobs to promote the greening of the economy and employability of workers. The final policy goal is to promote employment and competitiveness of the private sector through environmental transformation and greening. Thus, the instrument has three linked goals (environmental, economic and social). The programme was initially (2007-2013) focused on employed workers, but on the new ESF period (2014-2020) focuses on unemployed workers as well. In addition, the programme includes support to green entrepreneurs. |
Observatory of Occupations of the Central PES |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Other | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesFacilitate job/career transitionsBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedInform decisions on course funding/provisionInform and train career guidance and counsellorsDesign standards and accreditation |
The instrument addresses the problem of skills mismatch in the labour market. The policy goal is that the training delivered within a ALMP framework is correctly matched with labour market demands. Thus, the final goal is to improve workers' employability and competitiveness in the economy. The rationale is to carry out qualitative research about selected occupations in order to identify skill shortages and the main changes in skill demands (due to technological change, changes in regulation, etc.). This information should be taken into account for the design of training provision, within ALMP. Training provision within ALMP is structured through training courses for unemployed and professional certificates (VET managed by the PES). |
Process of adaptation of VET provision to labour market demands. INCUAL (National Qualifications Institute) |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Other | Match skills of young graduatesAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design standards and accreditation |
The rationale is to carry out qualitative research about selected occupations, in order to identify the skill shortages and the main changes in the skill demands. This information is taken into account in the design of new VET diplomas and in the update of the contents of the already existing VET diplomas. Thus, VET provision should match better labour market demands, improving the employability of VET graduates and the capacity of companies to access adequate skilled workers. The final goal of the instrument is a correct matching between education and labour market demands. This is seen as necessary to reduce unemployment and to have a skilled workforce that enables economic growth. |
Regional skills platforms |
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Matching skills for today’s job marketMatching skills for the future of work | Growth and innovation | Upskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesUpskill employed adultsMatch skills of young graduatesFacilitate job/career transitions | Inform decisions on course funding/provisionEnable strategic business decisionsOther |
To improve the national co-ordination of skills supply and to strengthen local and regional cooperation between public institutions and agencies in charge of skills supply. Set up platforms for cooperation in skill supply and short and long-term educational planning in each region. |
Employer Ownership Pilot (England) Round One |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Growth and innovation | Match skills of young graduatesUpskill and match skills of unemployedAddress skill shortagesBroadly address skill mismatch | Design training programmes to activate unemployedEnable strategic business decisions |
The policy goal is to develop a training system that is fully focused on customers, businesses and employees, aligning skills potential with growth investment. By changing the way funding flows through the system, and to place responsibility and reward for investment more squarely with employers for employer-facing programmes, such as Apprenticeships. The Employer Ownership of Skills pilot is a competitive fund open to employers to invest in their current and future workforce in England. Government will invest in projects in which employers are also prepared to commit their own funds, in order to make better use of our combined resources. |
Jobcentre Plus Support for Schools programme |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | General education | Broadly address skill mismatch | Inform career-making decisions of students |
The instrument aims to tackle the barriers to work faced by 16-24 year olds (who in the UK are disproportionately more likely to be unemployed than the general population) before young people leave education. The policy goal is to help reduce unemployment and economic inactivity, and to support the associated individual and societal benefits of early employment. The intervention aims to combat the barriers to work faced by young people before they leave education, and to facilitate a more effective school to work/training/further study transition. To do this the pathfinder programme established at least 1 full-time Jobcentre Plus Programme Advisor in each area to work within schools to provide students with information on traineeships and apprenticeships, accessing work experience, the local labour market and soft skills that employers expect (such as team working, punctuality, etc). |
UKCES Employer Investment Fund |
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Matching skills for today’s job market | Growth and innovation | Facilitate job/career transitionsAddress skill shortages | Design training programmes to activate unemployedEnable strategic business decisions |
The instrument was developed in response to growing evidence that UK skills policy had not always met the needs of employers, and that levels of investment in skills development was insufficient to drive business and economic growth. The rationale for the intervention (which was also found to be in line with the beneficiaries' motivations in the 2015 Survey) was to: improve the ability of employees to do their job, to acquire the skills needed to grow businesses, and to increase understanding of the skills or training needs of employees. |