What drives low pay in Europe? Who and what sectors are affected? Which workers work very long or very short hours and miss out on training opportunities? In this study, produced by the University of Amsterdam/AIAS, these are some of the questions posed for thirteen industries in nine EU member states.

The study ranks the industries according to problems on working time, pay, training, bargaining coverage, and stress and discusses how these problems affect different groups of workers including men and women, younger and older workers and workers with higher and lower levels of education.

Among the conclusions of the book are that three industries show up as particularly vulnerable: hotels/restaurants/catering, agriculture, and wholesale/retail. Also, the incidence of low pay amongst employees is much higher for women than it is for men. In most countries it is nearly twice as high. The incidence of low pay is also very high for those who work long hours.

 This book is based on the highly innovative WageIndicator web-survey on work and wages, and demonstrates the very promising possibilities of this new tool for labour market research.

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ETUI