- 2020Implementation
- 2021Implementation
- 2022Discontinued
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected VET programmes. Measures apply till the pandemic is constrained.
Objectives
COVID-19 has fundamentally affected the national education and training system. As of March 2020, the education ministry ruled that education provision should continue digitally (remote learning, homework) as necessary.
Description
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, and according to the recommendations of the National Public Health Organisation, the education ministry launched several digital tools enabling distance learning as a response to the challenges posed by schools' closure. Priority was given to the implementation of distance learning in the last year of upper secondary education, but it was also applied at all education levels (including VET). As far as post-secondary VET (IEK) is concerned, 95% of the courses were offered in distance learning mode. International mobility programmes were suspended. Ministerial decrees ordinated the restart of education and training institutions so the academic year 2019/20 could be completed.
During the lockdown (school years 2019/20 and 2020/21), teachers and trainers were supported technically by the central technical team based at the education ministry and pedagogically through short-term training sessions in digital skills. Nationwide, all schools at all levels have been swiftly provided with tablets and laptops by the education ministry; the action was supported by EU funds. Considerable support was also provided by private donations. The Greek government also gave access to digital classrooms via landline telephones (with minimal charge). Discussions with internet providers took place to further support distance learning. Three forms of learning have been provided: synchronous...
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, and according to the recommendations of the National Public Health Organisation, the education ministry launched several digital tools enabling distance learning as a response to the challenges posed by schools' closure. Priority was given to the implementation of distance learning in the last year of upper secondary education, but it was also applied at all education levels (including VET). As far as post-secondary VET (IEK) is concerned, 95% of the courses were offered in distance learning mode. International mobility programmes were suspended. Ministerial decrees ordinated the restart of education and training institutions so the academic year 2019/20 could be completed.
During the lockdown (school years 2019/20 and 2020/21), teachers and trainers were supported technically by the central technical team based at the education ministry and pedagogically through short-term training sessions in digital skills. Nationwide, all schools at all levels have been swiftly provided with tablets and laptops by the education ministry; the action was supported by EU funds. Considerable support was also provided by private donations. The Greek government also gave access to digital classrooms via landline telephones (with minimal charge). Discussions with internet providers took place to further support distance learning. Three forms of learning have been provided: synchronous and asynchronous learning, and educational television.
During the lockdown, for as long as education institutions remained closed, the education ministry made digital platforms for distance education and interactive digital media available to teachers and students. Even after re-opening the economy, distance learning remained available. In addition, the principle of social distancing remained applicable (e.g., the use of masks, and other limitations relevant physical with the number of students in classes and laboratories.
In the school year 2021/22, schools returned to in-class teaching following all the necessary hygiene protocols to combat COVID-19. Regular self-tests by teaching staff and students took place along with the vaccination campaign. When 50% of students in the class became infected, online teaching was enabled.
In the school year 2022/23, the use of a protective mask for teachers and the students, for drivers of school buses and attendants, boarding on them became optional. The PCR or rapid test once per week became obligatory only for non-full vaccinated teachers, trainers and staff.
Bodies responsible
- Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs
- National Public Health Organisation (NPHO)
Target groups
Learners
- Learners in upper secondary, including apprentices
Education professionals
- Teachers
- School leaders
Thematic categories
Modernising VET infrastructure
This thematic category looks at how VET schools and companies providing VET are supported to update and upgrade their physical infrastructure for teaching and learning, including digital and green technologies, so that learners in all VET programmes and specialities have access to state-of-the-art equipment and are able to acquire relevant and up-to-date vocational and technical skills and competences. Modernising infrastructure in remote and rural areas increases the inclusiveness of VET and LLL.
This thematic sub-category focuses on establishing and upgrading to state-of-the-art digital infrastructure, equipment and technology, such as computers, hardware, connectivity and good broadband speed that should ensure quality and inclusive VET provision, especially in blended and virtual modes. It also includes specific measures to remove the digital divide, e.g. supporting geographically remote or rural areas to ensure social inclusion through access to such infrastructure for learning and teaching. It also includes support measures for learners from socially disadvantaged backgrounds to acquire the necessary equipment.
Modernising VET offer and delivery
This thematic category looks at what and how individuals learn, how learning content and learning outcomes in initial and continuing VET are defined, adapted and updated. First and foremost, it examines how VET standards, curricula, programmes and training courses are updated and modernised or new ones created. Updated and renewed VET content ensures that learners acquire a balanced mix of competences that address modern demands, and are more closely aligned with the realities of the labour market, including key competences, digital competences and skills for green transition and sustainability, both sector-specific and across sectors. Using learning outcomes as a basis is important to facilitate this modernisation, including modularisation of VET programmes. Updating and developing teaching and learning materials to support the above is also part of the category.
The thematic category continues to focus on strengthening high-quality and inclusive apprenticeships and work-based learning in real-life work environments and in line with the European framework for quality and effective apprenticeships. It looks at expanding apprenticeship to continuing vocational training and at developing VET programmes at EQF levels 5-8 for better permeability and lifelong learning and to support the need for higher vocational skills.
This thematic category also focuses on VET delivery through a mix of open, digital and participative learning environments, including workplaces conducive to learning, which are flexible, more adaptable to the ways individuals learn, and provide more access and outreach to various groups of learners, diversifying modes of learning and exploiting the potential of digital learning solutions and blended learning to complement face-to-face learning.
Centres of vocational excellence that connect VET to innovation and skill ecosystems and facilitate stronger cooperation with business and research also fall into this category.
This thematic sub-category refers to acquisition of key competences and basic skills for all, from an early age and throughout their life, including those acquired as part of qualifications and curricula. Key competences include knowledge, skills and attitudes needed by all for personal fulfilment and development, employability and lifelong learning, social inclusion, active citizenship and sustainable awareness. Key competences include literacy; multilingual; science, technology, engineering and mathematical (STEM); digital; personal, social and learning to learn; active citizenship, entrepreneurship, cultural awareness and expression (Council of the European Union, 2018).
Teachers, trainers and school leaders competences
Competent and motivated VET teachers in schools and trainers in companies are crucial to VET becoming innovative and relevant, agile, resilient, flexible, inclusive and lifelong.
This thematic category comprises policies and practices of initial training and continuing professional development approaches in a systemic and systematic manner. It also looks at measures aiming to update (entry) requirements and make teaching and training careers attractive and bring more young and talented individuals and business professionals into teaching and training. Supporting VET educators by equipping them with adequate competences, skills and tools for the green transition and digital teaching and learning are addressed in separate thematic sub-categories.
The measures in this category target teachers and school leaders, company trainers and mentors, adult educators and guidance practitioners.
This thematic sub-category refers to all kinds of initial and continuing professional development (CPD) for VET educators who work in vocational schools and in companies providing VET. VET educators include teachers and school leaders, trainers and company managers involved in VET, as well as adult educators and guidance practitioners – those who work in school- and work-based settings. The thematic sub-category includes national strategies, training programmes or individual courses to address the learning needs of VET educators and to develop their vocational (technical) skills, and pedagogical (teaching) skills and competences. Such programmes concern state-of-the-art vocational pedagogy, innovative teaching methods, and competences needed to address evolving teaching environments, e.g. teaching in multicultural settings, working with learners at risk of early leaving, etc.
Subsystem
Further reading
Country
Type of development
Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Measures combating the COVID-19 pandemic: Greece. In Cedefop, & ReferNet. (2025). Timeline of VET policies in Europe (2024 update) [Online tool].
https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/tools/timeline-vet-policies-europe/search/37619